Apush Period 1 Vocab

Mayas

ancient civilization in Yucatan penninsula based off of potatoes and in the years 300-800

Incas

ancient civilization in Peru and western south american evolved because of Maize

corn/maize

a vegtable that the cultivation of essentially led to the settlling down, suprluese of food, job specalization, and economic and social prosperity.

longhouses

the housing for natives in Alaska and parts of canada & iroquois in the northeast

Alogonquian

a language family that houses many languages fo natives and refers to the natives who speak it in the atlantic and great plains area

Hohokam, Anasazi, Pueblos

native groups located in Arizona, new mexico area who lived in dwellings and rocks and caves ad developed irrigation systems that evolved faster than some in the north because of maize

gunpowder

brought to the americas by europeans during the colombia exchange whom recieved it from the chinese because they invented it. Europeans got it from arab merchants and then introduced this to natives and exerted power over them through this.

sailing compass

compass furthering abilities for sailing, made in europe, and used in expeditions

printing press

machine that allows for the mass production of books, newspapers allowing for news to travel faster and be more accesible to all in europe

Isabella and Ferdanand

King and queen of Spain ater defeating moorish rule. Isabella was teh queen of Castile and Ferdanand was the king of aragon so wehn they married in 1469 they united spain under one roman catholic rule. They sent cristopher columbus and other explorers to try to spread the roman catholic faith to exert power over the other protestant and such branches of christianity in europe.

Christoper Columbus

Conquistador funded by Isabella and Ferdinand in search of an all water route to Asia for trade and to spread the roman catholic faith.

Henry the Navigator

Prince of Portugual who navigated a route to Asia by sailing along South Africa´s cape of god and hope.

tready of tordesillas

1494 treaty moving the popes line of demarcation dividing land in south america giving land to the west of the line to Spaina nd land east of the line to Portugual (hence how brazil speaks portugese meanwhile the rest of south america in the east side speaks spanish

Roanoke Island

at attempted colonial settlement in 1587 by north carolina englishman Sir Walter Raleigh. It failed because of not enough food from a drought, the anglo-spanish war, delayed return of goervnment, and not enough finances for recources to supply water. The local alogonquians here were very hostile to the settelers thus not letting them settle the land sucsessfully.

Protestant Reformation

Revolt of christians in the eary 1500s in germany, england, france, holland, ext. it was against the popes authrity in rome and led to many catholic and protestant wars and to different countries and leaders using religion as a motive for conquest.

nation-states

countries with the same ethnicity people in the whole country for teh most part.

Smallpox

disease carried by euproeans during the colombian exhcnage which was the most deadily of all of teh desiases tehy carried for natives aiding in wiping out 90% of natives in the Americas

Joint-stock system

pooled money to fund expiditions so that the financial buirnden if a settlment failed would not be on any one person and so everyday men could afford to fund such expitions.

Encomienda system

system where natives were property given to the spanish when the spanish divided the land and the natives whom occupied that land becamce property of teh new spanish landowners

asiento system

system in which colonists payed a tax to the king of spain to import any slaves from Africa

Conquistadors

explorers and people who try to take over others for land and power. There are three main reasons for exploration, glory, gold, and god, fueling conquistadors desire to make it rich, have power, and spread their version of christainity and religion.

Hernan Cortez

conquroed the Aztecs for spain

Franisco pizzaro

conquored the Incas for spain

Slave trade

the trading of Africans for labor by wealthy Europeans in the Americans ending in the 1800s. it included teh americas as they would often be bought by eurpoeans and then go to the americas in many of teh caribean islands for labor as natives started to die because of deisases and proved not enough of a work force as they also resisted the authority by knowing the land.

middle passage

the area across the atlanic ocean were 10-15% of 10-15 million Africans died on the voyage to the Americas in the transatlantic slave trade

New laws of 1542

laws enforced by the king of Spain (encouraged by Bartolome de Las casas) to halt forced native labor, end the encomienda system, and end native slavery.

Barolome de Las casas

past native slave owner who had a revelation and became a priest who advocated for native rights and viewed natives as people. he helped influence the new laws of 1542.

Valladolid Debate

the debate in 1550-1551 in Valladolid Spain over the role of natives in Spanish colonies between Bartolomeo de Las casa who fought for native rights and Juan Gines de Sepulveda who was against natives having rights.

Juan Gines de Sepulveda

Preist in Spain arguing that natives were barbaric and slavery was justified. He influenced the king of Spain to repeal parts of the new laws of 1542 after they were created and argued against Barolome de lasa casas in the vallodolid debate of 1550-1551.