vincent Rafael : colonial contractions - The making of modern philipphines
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The origins of the Philippine nation can be traced back to the empires of _______, ____, _______
The Spanish, North Americans, and Japanese
What did the Philippines used to be known as?
Las Islas Filipinas
Where did the term Philippines come from?
Felipe II, the heir apparent to the Hapsburg throne
Did the Philippines exist prior to the Spanish conquest?
No prior to the Spanish conquest no such thing as the Philippines existed
Before it became known as las Islas Filipinas, the inhabitants were _________ from the vicissitudes of empire
Free
Where do we get accounts of where the freedom from the previous empire consisted of?
We learn about the Philippine people at the point of contact in the middle of the 16th century from Spanish accounts of native peoples
How are native societies organized?
Native societies were organized into relatively autonomous Villages ruled by a chief called a Datu
How was the datu and his family supported?
They were supported by slaves who were depth bondsman’s, rather than Chattel
How did the slave system work in the Philippines?
Slavery was differentiated into find gradations of dependency based on their proximity to their masters house. They were also differences in the conditions of their captivity, the nature and frequency of their service and it was possible for slaves to buy their own freedom and eventually have their own slaves and so long.
How was pre-colonial, social hierarchy, tenuous and shifting?
Because nothing and no one outside the village guaranteed the power of the chief in the family, and so the chief could only hang onto his position of power if he responded to the demands of those below him.
What guaranteed the power of the chief?
The power of the chief / was guaranteed through popularity because the popularity was the basis of his power
How did the Chiefs secure his popularity?
Organizing trade relations, leading rating, expeditions, and holding ritual feast
How was Islam introduced during Spanish colonization?
Islam was introduced by Arab and Malay traders to the southern areas of the archipelago in the 14th century
What discouraged Spaniards from migrating to this Asian colony known as the Philippines?
The absence of large reserves of precious metals combined with Philippines, great distance from Spain, discouraged Spaniards from migrating to this Asian colony
Comparing the island colony with changes made in the Americas
First is the relative lateness of the colonization of the Philippines, which came two generations after the subjugation of Mexico, secondly, no demographic disasters, accompanied the conquest of the islands. Thirdly and con in contrast with the Americas Philippine did not possess large reserves of gold or silver, nor did it become sites for large plantations. Fourth, there was a less presence of Spanish people migrating to Philippines at the end of the 350 years of Spanish rule less than 1% of the population was from the Peninsula in the Philippines that the settlers made up the smallest of minorities. Finally, there was an absence of African slavery in the islands.
Was there a big presence of Spaniards in the Philippines?
No, there was not a big presence of Spaniards in the Philippines rather the Spaniards made up the smallest of minorities
Far from being a settler colony, the Philippines was always an imperial __________
outpost
What was the most visible and enduring Spanish presence in the Philippines?
The most visible and enduring Spanish presence came in the way of the missionary priests who would exercise a vast and profound influence among the people in the state
Why was there no African slavery in the Philippines?
Firstly, there was the distance and the expensive Of transporting Africans across the pacific oceans, there was no real need for them in the colony instead of surplus of native labour was course to work for the colonial state in the Catholic Church
The policy of ______ ______was at the cornerstone of the Spanish regime
forced labour
What were men between the ages of 16 and 60 were required to do every 40 days?
Men between the ages of 16 and 60 were required to render at least 40 days of the year to work as hauliers of logs and builders of ships, churches roads and government building buildings
Who was exempt from working in the colonial militia and servants to officials and priests?
Only those who are members of the local elite, the former chief and their families, for example, were exempt But in exchange for this exemption, they were required to collect taxes and gather corvee labour
What did force labour create in the Philippines?
For labour created a system of labour provision for the government, but and also ensure the collaborations and acquiescent of the most influential members of native society.
How did a very small number of Spaniards managed to hold onto a far flung a cappella goal thousands of miles away from the Metropole? Why weren’t they simply overthrown in packing back across the Pacific?
The answer to this question lies in the other side of conquest conversion. The Spaniards insisted on the subjects on subsuming their souls, the cross of the Catholic Church was an essential companion of the sword, and the king acted as the patron of the church
What were the people most important agents of colonial rule?
Spanish missionaries would come to act as the most important agents of colonial rule because they conducted systematic studies off native cultures and languages in order to preach in the native tongue they design and directed the building of churches and through their work of evangelization they established the basis of a can colonial public sphere around the periodic observance of rituals and feast days
What did Spanish missionaries do to establish a colonial public?
They built churches day, publish the first books and restricted the circulation of non-religious publications and the govern the content and practice of primary and higher education. They also dominated colonial politics, and they protested the abuses of Spanish officials while supervising local elections to protect against heretics and sub services.
Important saying that one observer put in regards to Spanish missionaries, controlling and dominating the colonial sphere
One Spanish friar was worth more than 300 Spanish soldiers
How did the Spanish empire integrate les Islas Filipinas into global capitalism ?
Spain integrated the Philippines into global capitalism not through extraction of minerals, but through trade
Rafael describes how the Manila–Acapulco galleon trade linked “________________________________________”
“Asian goods… in exchange for Mexican silver