endocrine system

describe the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system

endocrine system

set of organs that secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system

negative feedback

mechanism that monitors specific homeostasis levels and a signal to a gland

gland

type of organ that secretes hormones into the blood to target and affect other organs

6 major glands in the endocrine system

• pineal

• pituitary

• thyroid

• parathyroid

• thymus

• adrenal

which 2 organs contain endocrine tissue and produce hormones`

pancreas and ovaries/testes

what does the hypothalamus control

pituitary glan

where is the pituitary gland located

below the hypothalamus

where is the pineal gland located

in the middle of the brain

where is the thyroid and parathyroids located

in the neck

where are the 2 adrenal glands located

on top of each kidney

main function of the thyroid

secretes hormones that regulate growth, development, and metabolic rate

what does the parathyroid produce

parathyroid hormone

what does the thymus produce

T-cells

main function of adrenal glands

produces hormones to regulate heart rate, blood pressure, and other functions

what does the pancreas produce and secrete

produces insulin and secretes pancreatic juices

what does the pineal gland secrete

melatonin

how does the endocrine system regulate body functions

by controlling the amount of hormones released

what does the endocrine gland secrete

hormones

what can lipid-based hormones do when it enters a cell

regulate DNA

3 examples of regulation by the endocrine system

• appetite

• reproduction

• sleep cycle

how do hormones control their function

glands and organs secrete hormones into the blood to be transported to target organs and tissues

what are reproductive hormones responsible for

gamete production

name 2 nonpolar, fat-soluble hormones

estrogen and progesterone

name 1 polar, water-soluble hormone

epinephrine

what are nonpolar, fat soluble hormones released for

development and long lasting effects

what are polar, water-soluble hormones release in response to

stress

what do hormone receptors on the cell membrane cause cellular changes to do

regulate and control body functions

what 4 things increase when adrenal glands secrete epinephrine into the bloodstream

• heart rate

• blood pressure

• muscle strength

• metabolism

what does hormone imbalance cause

metabolic diseases

list 3 examples of metabolic diseases

• diabetes

• hyperthyroidism

• gigantism

what is too much growth hormone in children called

gigantismwh

what is too much growth hormone in adults called

acromegaly

diabetes

high blood sugar levels that result from a pancreatic hormone regulation malfunction

hyperthyroidism

malfunction of regulatory feedback loops leading to the overproduction of thyroid hormone

gigantism

excessive growth resulting from the overproduction of growth hormone

what does the growth hormone stimulate

tissue

what does positive feedback cause an increase in

the secretion of a hormone

positive feedback

mechanism that stimulates an increase in secretions, temporarily pushing out of homeostasis until a particular effect is reached

which part of the brain produces oxytocin

hypothalamus

where is oxytocin stored

posterior pituitary

one function of oxytocin

stimulate uterine contractions during childbirth

what is the “activation of the neuroendocrine system”

the integration of the endocrine and nervous system

what do releasing hormones stimulate

the production of certain hormones

what do inhibiting hormones restrict

the production of certain hormones

what part of the brain secrete releasing and inhibiting hormones

hypothalamus