GE1 - D Final Review Notes

Physical Self

refers to the body, this marvelous container & complex, finely tuned, machine w/ which we interface w/ our environment & fellow beings

Physical Self-Concept

the individual’s perception of themselves in areas of physical ability & appearance

Physical strength, endurance, & appearance (refers to attractiveness)

PSC includes concepts such as…

Heredity

the sum of all biological processes by which particular characteristics are transmitted from parents to their offspring

Genotype

the set of genes that it carries

Phenotype

all of its observable characteristics —→ influenced both by its genotype & by the environment

Chromosomes

microscopic particles that carry the genetic determines (genes) which are transmitted from parents to offspring

Genes

a minute particle which is found in combination w/ other genes in a stringlike formation w/ the chromosome

Maturation

the completion of growth & the process of chromosome reduction through cell division

Ovulation

the process of escape of 1 mature ovum from the ovary to the fallopian tube during the menstrual cycle

Fertilization

normally occurs while the ovum is in the fallopian tube; the 3rd preliminary stage to the beginning of a new life

Signs of Sexual Maturity

spermarche & menarche

Zygote

formation of a new cell as the result of the union of the egg & sperm cells w/n the mother’s body (uterus)

Importance of Conception

Hereditary endowment, sex, # of offspring & ordinal position

Family

our 1st social group; forms a crucial foundation of our development, including of that our physical self

Adolescence Stage

we become conscious of our physical appearance; we begin to take note of our height, weight, facial features & other physical characteristics compared to our peers

Physical Beauty

only skin-deep, that what matters is FEELING GOOD about ourselves & embracing a healthy perception of our physical worth

Achieving Physical Well-Being

healthy eating, embracing a healthy lifestyle, having the right hygiene (self-care), confidence in ourselves is our best make-up

Types of Care

physical, emotional, social & spiritual

Physical

sleep, stretching, walking, healthy food, yoga, rest, physical release

Emotional

stress management, emotional maturity, forgiveness, compassion & kindness

Social

boundaries, support system, positive social media, communication, time together & ask for help

Spiritual

time alone, meditation, yoga, connection, nature, journaling & social space

Digital Self

the identity of oneself can be represented in different mediums w/ technology, the self can now be represented in the digital world of social media

Digital Identity

an online/network identity adopted/claimed in cyberspace by an individual, org/electronic device

Social Media

a term for numerous technologies that allow instantaneous communication, status updates & social networking among individuals

Online Disinhibition Effect

describes the loosening of social restrictions & inhibitions that are normally present in f2f interactions that takes place in interactions on the internet

Benign Disinhibition

describes behavior in which ppl. might self-disclose more on the internet than they would in real life/go our of their way to help someone/show kindness

Toxic Disinhibition

describes behavior that includes rude language, threats & visiting places of pornography

6 Factors that cause Online Disinhibition

Dissociative imagination, dissociative anonymity, synchronicity, invisibility, minimization of status & authority, solipsistic introjection

Dissociative Anonymity

ability to interact w/ others, comment on forums & surf the web completely anonymously

Description of Dissociative Anonymity

• by remaining anonymous => you do not '“own” your behavior

• can compartmentalize it in an online identity that is not integrated w/ your offline identity

• anonymity → helps you feel less vulnerable about self-disclosing & engaging in antisocial/harmful behavior

Invisibility

the internet offers a kind of shield & keeps you from being physically visible; lets you misrepresent yourself, as in the case of a man representing himself as a woman/vica versa

Asynchronicity

asynchronous nature of many forms of communication over the internet leads to disinhibition

Solipsistic Introjection

w/o f2f cues, you experience online messages as voices in your head

Dissociative Imagination

leads to a feeling of escapism & can lead to a person thinking that they can adopt & shed a certain persona simply by logging on & off

Minimization of Status & Authority

Authority figures express their authority through dress, body language, name titles & their environment; the internet offers a more-or-less equal playing field for everyone, allowing you to feel more disinhibited & engage others more as peers instead of as authorities

Responsible Social Media Etiquette

• think before you click

• do not engage in public fights

• verify the news/information that you share

• choose who you connect w/ wisely

• do not overshare

• be respectful of other pp.

• have fun!

Emotion

means to stir up, agitate, upset/move; Latin word: “emovere”; it is the lower level responses occurring in the brain, creating biochemical reactions in the body which results in change of one’s physical state; PHYSIOLOGICAL

Feelings

it is a MENTAL PORTRAYAL of what is going on when you have an emotion & it is the BYPRODUCT of your brain perceiving & assigning meaning to the emotion; SUBJECTIVE

Physiological Responses in Emotion

• Increase in blood pressure & heart rate

• Dilation of the pupil of the eye

• increase in blood sugar level to provide more energy

• more rapid respiration

• increase in perspiration

• quicker blood clotting in case of wounds

• raising of the hair of the skin causing “goose pimples“

Theories of Emotion

• Classical Theory

• James-Lange Theory

• Cannon-Bard Thalamic Theory

Classical Theory

the common sense view which holds a subjective state of fear/anger produces behavior changes ——> emotions are felt first & reaction follows; Stimulus —- Awareness —— Bodily Response

Ex) Snake —— Fear —— Run

James - Lange Theory

feelings are the consequences of behavior; emphasized that bodily changes are a vital factor of emotions; Stimulus —- Bodily Response —— Awareness

Ex) Snake —— Run —— Realizes being Afraid/Fear

Cannon - Bard Thalamic Theory

held that the lower brain centers stimulate both feeling & bodily changes so as they occur together; it stresses the role of the lower brain center to emotional response

Ex) Snake —- Run & Experience Fear (Simultaneously)

Emotional Intelligence

it is an array of non-cognitive abilities, competencies & skills that influence one’s ability to succeed in coping w/ environmental demands & pressures

Description of Emotional Intelligence

• it is the capacity to reason about emotion & of emotion to enhance thinking

• includes the abilities to accurately perceive emotions; to understand emotions; to reflectively regulate emotions; to promote emotional & intellectual growth

• it is the capacity for recognizing our own feelings & those of others; for motivating ourselves; for managing emotions effectively in ourselves & others

EQ

positive effects on thinking abilities during anxiety-provoking testing conditions; negatively correlated to aggressive & delinquent behaviors

Managing Emotions

the capacity to soothe yourself, to shake off rampant anxiety, gloom, despair/irritability; the ability to be able to keep an emotional perspective

Steps For Managing Emotions

• Use your emotions & bodily responses to recognize when you are under stress

• Write down your thoughts & feelings about what is stressing you

• Control whatever aspect of the stress that you can

• Don’t make mountains out of molehills

• Redefine the Problem

• Develop behaviors that distract you from stress

• Reaching out to a friend/family member

• Exercise regularly

• Meditate & Relax

• Seek divine guidance

Material Self

pertains to the objects, places/even ppl. which have the label “mine“; such possessions are viewed as extensions of individuals’ identities

Need

items important for survival

Ex) food, clothing& shelter

Want

are synonymous w/ luxuries; ppl. by them for reasons that do not warrant necessity

tell, personality, values

“material possessions ______ something of the ______________ & social ________ of the owners.“

Utility

is concerned w/ how things work & serve a practical purpose

Ex) the function of a WALLET is used to hold money

Significance

is concerned w/ the meaning assigned to the object

Semiology

study of objects as signs

Description of Semiology

• objects that ppl. have convey subconscious messages about themselves

• objects are not just things but are reflections of the wider lives of communities & individuals

• the products ppl. purchase are also influenced by what is valued by their community

speak, ourselves

“Material things that we have _______ something about _____________.”

The Self in a Material World

material possessions signify some aspects of one’s sense of self & identity

Description of the Self in a Material World

• parents buy necessities for their family because it is symbolic of their need to provide “security“

• the possession of material things also indicates one’s status in the society

sufficiency, wealth

“Self-___________ is the greatest of all ___________.“

Self-sufficiency

ability to supply one’s own/its own needs w/o external assistance

fact, able, provide, especially food, buying, helped, others

The _______ of being _______ to ______ everything you need for yourself, _________ __________, w/o __________ from/being ________ by _________

7 Basic Tips When Managing Your Personal Finances

1. Set your Priorities

2. Make a Budget

3. Pay Your Bills

4. Control Your Debts

5. Invest

6. Don’t Forget About Insurance

7. Plan For Your Retirement

Spiritual Self

the innermost workings of the person’s mind, behavior, beliefs & morals that inolve every aspect of the human as a person

Manifestations of the Spiritual Self

1. Person’s will

2. Intelligence & Abilities

3. Morals

4. Values

Person’s Will

things the person want to achieve in their lives

Intelligence & Abilities

things that the person have confidence in doing & believe to have a certain mastery of

Morals

things that are acceptable for the person

Values

the ability of the person to prioritize based on what is important to them

Religion & Other Terms

1. Religion

2. Worldview

3. Spirituality

Religion

beliefs & behaviors related to spiritual reality/supernatural beings & powers

Worldview

collective body of ideas that members of culture generally share concerning the ultimate shape & substance of their reality

Spirituality

meaning & purpose that go beyond the physical realities of life

Animism

one of the oldest beliefs which is taken from the Latin word anima (breath/soul); the belief that everything in nature-living things like trees, plants & even rocks/streams have their own spirit/divinity

rituals

it is the performance of ceremonial acts prescribed by a tradition/sacred law; is a specific observable mode of behavior exhibited by all known societies; a way defining/describing humans

Types of Rituals

• prescriptive

• situational

• calendrical

• occasional

Prescriptive

a ritual that a deity/religious authority requires to be performed

Situational

a ritual that arises as needed & frequently in times of crisis

Calendrical

a ritual that is performed on a regular basis as part of a religious calendar

Occasional

a ritual that is performed when a particular need arises

Ceremonies

a set of acts; often traditional/religious, performed at a formal occasion especially to recognize an important event

Common Ex) weddings, birthdays & graduation rites

Importance of Ceremonies

• reflect out beliefs, hopes, traditions, culture & spirituality; but they also express who we are

• held to celebrate a new life/in honor of a life well lived

• held to reflect on events —— events of historical & social significance

• help to heal —— for thos events that cause devastation/loss

Religions, Magic & Witchcraft

1. Barang

2. Kulam

3. Albulario/Mananambal

4. Folklores

Barang

Filipino term for sorcerer; used to describe malignant sorcery/familiar spirits

Kulam

Tagalog word for ‘voodoo’/’witchcraft’

Albulario/Mananambal

Filipino practitioner of traditional medicine

Folklores

includes aswang, manananggal, kapre, dwende, sirena, syokoy, engkanto, sigbin, tikbalang, tianak & many other

Dr. Victor Frankl

uses the philosophy of optimism in the face of tragedy, where ppl. are capable of turning suffering into human achievement & accomplishment deriving from guilt, the opportunity to change oneself for the better& deriving from life’s transitoriness an incentive to take responsible action

Logotherapy

meaning can be discovered by creating a work/doing a deed, experiencing something/encountering someone & the attitude toward unavoidable suffering

3 Basic Concepts of Logotherapy

• Life has meaning under all circumstances

• Freedom to find meaning

• The main motivation for living is our will to find meaning in life

Frankl’s 3 Postulates (the complement the 3 primary human capabilities)

1. Anthropological

2. Psychological

3. Philosophical

Anthropological (Postulate)

Man is self-determining

Psychological (Postulate)

Man’s key motivation is the search for meaning

Philosophical (Postulate)

Life has unconditional meaning

Frankl’s Sources of Meaning

1. Purposeful Work

2. Courage in the Face of Difficulty

3. Love

Purposeful Work

meaning life is unique to every individual

Courage in the Face of the Difficulty

a meaningful life is a life w/ suffering

Love

the ultimate factor to find the meaning of life