Nervous System test review (A&P)

3

synaptic vessicles

6

ligand-gates channels w/ receptors for neurotransmitters

4

synaptic cleft

5

post-synaptic neuron

2

axon terminal

g

accessory nerve

c

trochlear nerve

l

vagus nerve

d

abducens nerve

i

trigeminal nerve

k

glossopharyngeal nerve

e

vestibulochlear nerve

f

hypoglossal nerve

b

oculomotor nerve

h

optic nerve

j

facial nerve

a

olfactory nerve

3

axon

7

synapse

4

oligodendrocyte

5

node of ranvier

6

myelin sheath

2

cell body (soma)

8

dendrites

1

cell membrane

6

Central Canal

3

Anterior (ventral) horn

5

Lateral Columns

1

posterior (dorsal) horn

4

posterior (dorsal) columns

7

anterior (ventral) columns

2

lateral horn

7

neurotransmitters

1

pre-synaptic neuron

5

subdural space

7

cerebral cortex

6

longitudinal fissure

4

dura mater

2

subarachnoid space

3

pia mater

1

arachnoid mater

10

fourth ventricle

7

medulla oblongata

1

cerebral cortex

4

hypothalamus

13

parietal lobe

8

spinal cord

6

pons

2

corpus callosum

12

occipital lobe

9

cerebellum

5

temporal lobe

3

thalamus

11

pineal gland

what is poliomyelitis?

a viral disease causing paralysis

what type of neurons does poliomyelitis destroy?

motor neurons

what is the arachnoid mater?

middle meningeal layer

what is the main function of the arachnoid mater?

forms subarachnoid space

through which opening does the spinal cord exit the cranium?

foramen magnum

what is parkinson’s disease?

a neurodegenerative disorder

which neurotransmitter is lacking in parkinson’s disease?

dopamine

which brain structure maintains homeostasis?

hypothalamus

what are the functions of the hypothalamus

acts as the body’s main control center, maintaining homeostasis by regulating crucial autonomic, endocrine, and somatic functions

what is the pineal gland

a tiny, pincone-shaped endocrine gland located in the center of the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating sleep-wake cycles

what hormone does the pineal gland release?

melatonin

what causes a stroke (cerebral apoplexy)?

interrupted blood flow to the brain

what is a fissure?

a deep brain groove

what is a gyrus?

a raised brain fold

which love is responsible for vision?

occipital lobe

which meningeal layer is most superficial?

dura mater

what is the main role of the dura mater?

protection and support

what are motor (efferent) nerve fibers?

nerves that carry impulses away from the CNS

in which direction do motor nerves carry impulses?

away from the CNS

what neurotransmitter is involved in fight-pr-flight?

epinephrine

what neurotransmitter is linked to pleasure and addiction?

dopamine

what are the meninges

protective membranes of the CNS

where is cerebrospinal fluid found?

ventricles and subarachnoid space

why is cerebrospinal fluid important?

cushioning and protection

what is the cauda equina?

a bundle of nerve roots located at the base of the spinal cord that resembles a tail, extending to control sensation and movement in the bladder, bowels, legs, and sexual organs

what type of impulses do ascending tracts carry?

sensory impulses

what is the cerebral cortex?

outer gray matter of the brain

which love controls planning and decision making?

frontal lobe

what is the arbor vitae?

network of tree-like white matter located deep within the cerebellum

where is the arbor vitae found?

cerebellum

where does crossing over of nerve tracts occur?

medulla oblongata

which structure links the nervous and endocrine systems?

hypothalamus

which cranial nerve controls smell?

olfactory nerve

which division of the autonomic nervous system controls fight-or-flight?

sympathetic division