U.S History Final Exam

What statement describes the status of Africans in Virginia prior to 1660?

Personal initiative and religion were as important as race in determining social status.

 In the mid-1700s, how were the English colonies throughout the British Atlantic empire primarily linked?

Trade relationships promoted ties between the English colonies.

What prompted many southern yeomen and tenant farmers finally to support independence from Britain in 1775?

Virginia royal governors promise to free any slave who joins loyalists

The construction of the Erie Canal had which of the following negative consequences?

The construction of the canal and its heavy use altered the ecology of the entire region.

Which of the following Puritan ideas became a middle-class conviction with a secular twist during industrialization in the early 1800s?

The Protestant work ethic.

 Which of the following was the primary function of the Second Bank of the United States?

To stabilize the nation's money supply by forcing state banks to convert their paper money periodically into gold and silver coin

Which of the following statements describes the impact of the Jacksonian-era constitutional revolution on the states?

Between 1830 and 1860, twenty states revised their charters and enhanced democracy.

Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote about which of the following in his essays and lectures?

He argued that people should reject old conventions and discover their original relation with nature.

Which of the following describes the minstrel shows that became popular in American cities in the 1840s?

They were a popular form of entertainment and social criticism

Why did many northern wage earners not support abolition in the mid-eighteenth century

Wageworkers feared that freed blacks would work for lower wages and compete for jobs

 In his 1829 pamphlet, An Appeal . . . to the Colored Citizens of the World, David Walker did which of the following? 

He justified slave rebellion and warned white Americans that violence and retribution would come if justice were delayed

Which of these statements describes Southern rice planters of the mid-nineteenth century?

They were at the apex of the plantation aristocracy.

By 1860, the majority of African Americans lived and worked as slaves in which of the following regions?

Deep South

 The notion of slavery as a “necessary evil” and a “positive good” was supported by which idea?

Slavery allowed a civilized lifestyle for whites and cared for genetically inferior blacks.

Which of these concepts became a central tenet of slave Christianity in the South in the nineteenth century?

All people as children of God

 In the nineteenth-century South, free blacks lived primarily

In the coastal cities and the Upper South

Which of the following statements describes the Slidell mission to Mexico in December 1845?

It failed because Mexico had suspended diplomatic relations with the United States and refused to even see Slidell

The northern states responded to the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act by sponsoring

Personal-liberty laws

Why did the Republican Party nominate Abraham Lincoln for the presidency in 1860?

His egalitarian image would attract votes among farmers and workers

Why was the enlistment of African Americans in the Union army and their deployment in battle delayed until 1863?

Most Union generals doubted that they would make good soldiers

Which of the following was the major cause of death for Civil War soldiers?

Being wounded in battle or disease and infection

Which of the following describes the 1864 Shenandoah Valley campaign?

Union troops led a scorched-earth campaign to punish farmers who had aided the South

Under President Johnson’s restoration plan, high-ranking Confederate leaders and wealthy southerners

could serve as delegates to conventions that were called to consider ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.

According to the Constitution, which branch of government is responsible for readmitting states that have seceded from the Union?

The Constitution does not address this question

Which politician’s death marked the waning of Radical Reconstruction?

Charles Sumner

In which of the following ways did the plantation colonies of Barbados differ from those in the Chesapeake in the seventeenth century?

The Chesapeake adopted slavery gradually while Barbados did rapidly.

Which of the following was the outcome of the surprise Indian attack on the Virginia colony in 1622?

James I revoked the Virginia Company's charter and made it a royal colony.

 Why was the influx of American gold and silver into the English economy during the sixteenth century significant?

It stimulated further economic expansion

Which area did England invade and subjugate with savage brutality in the late 1570s and 1580s?

Ireland

Why did the Virginia Company of London dispatch only a group of men to Virginia in 1607?

They were interested only in quick profits through trade with the native population.

 What method did Chesapeake planters use in the early eighteenth century to prevent slave revolts?

They bought slaves of different ethnic backgrounds to limit their ability to organize

Which of these religious denominations successfully converted many slaves in the mid-eighteenth-century southern colonies?

Baptists

Which of the following was true of slavery in the American colonies in the eighteenth century?

Slaves created a sophisticated culture with extended kin relationships and traditions

Which of the following statements describes the religious controversy that emerged from the Great Awakening during the 1740s and 1750s?

The Old Lights prohibited traveling preachers from speaking to a congregation without its minister's permission

Pontiac's uprising in Detroit in 1763 was a direct cause of which of the following events?

The Royal Proclamation of 1763.

When the early eighteenth-century Anglo-French wars temporarily ended with the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, Britain had

won major territorial and commercial gains, including Newfoundland, Acadia, and the Hudson Bay region, as well as access to the western Indian trade.

To finance the war during its first two years, the new American state governments relied primarily on

Printing large quantities of paper money.

What did Shays's Rebellion, which took place in Massachusetts in the winter of 1786 1787, demonstrate to American political leaders?

A stronger national government was needed to solve the nation's monetary problems.

Which of the following phrases describes the federal judiciary at the time Thomas Jefferson became president in 1801?

Packed with hostile Federalists

As a result of the Embargo Act of 1807, the American economy

fell into a slump and the American gross national product dropped by 5 percent.

The Great Compromise led to which of the following outcomes?

 A bicameral legislature with a House of Representatives and a Senate.

Which of the following events was the Federalists' response to the Republicans' criticism of their policies in the 1790s?

The Alien and Sedition Acts.

Why did the British surrender to the Americans in the Battle of Yorktown in 1781?

The British were outnumbered and cut off from reinforcement or retreat by sea.

On what basis did the U.S. government base its claim that the commonwealth system was consistent with republican ideology?

State support for private businesses contributed to the overall public good

 Which of the following describes the relationship between social status and wealth in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century American history?

Americans respected those who raised their status through talent and hard work

The transformation that occurred as American factories and farms turned out more goods, and merchants and legislators created faster and cheaper ways to get those products to consumers, was known as which of the following?

The Market Revolution

 Which of the following spurred the Panic of 1819 in the United States?

Reckless practices pursued by shady state-chartered banks.

Why did the emancipation of slaves proceed very slowly in the northern states during and after the Revolution?

The northern states gave priority to slaveholders property right so that emancipation often was spaced out over several slave generations.

What did bankers, land speculators, and entrepreneurs in the 1820s to the 1840s have in common?

They demanded government assistance for their business enterprises.

President Martin Van Buren responded to the Panic of 1837 by

adopting a hands-off, limited-government stance.