Unit 7: Heredity Vocab !!

Genes

Section of DNA that provides the instructions for making a protein

Alleles

Different versions of the same gene

Homologous Chromomosomes

The matching chromosomes from mom and dad

Homozygous

2 of the same alleles

Heterozygous

2 different alleles

Dominant

This allele will express itself over a recessive (if present allele will always have this trait)

Recessive

Allele will only have that trait expressed when the dominant allele is not present

Genotype

The actual alleles inherited

Phenotype

The physical traits/characteristics expressed in an organism

Monohybrid Cross

A cross between two organisms looking at one trait

Dihybrid Cross

Used when finding the possible genotypes for offspring when considering two traits

Epistatis

When one gene overshadows the other

Carrier

A person that has the gene for a trait/disease but doesn’t show it

Mutation

Any change in DNA (the order of nucleotide bases/laters)

Mutagen

Chemicals that can cause DNA mutations

Duplication

Changes the size of chromosome + results in multiple copies of single gene

Translocation

Pieces of non-homologous chromosomes exchange segments

Nondisjunction

Chromosomes don’t separate correctly during anaphase resulting in 1 or 3 chromosomes

Pedigree

A chart used to trace phenotypes + genotypes in a family across generations