Stats 1.1-1.5 Vocab

discrete

a numerical value we count

sample

a subset of the group being studied

univariate data

consists of only one variable collected from each individual

qualitative

a type of variable whose value is based on an attribute or characteristic

individual

a person or object that is a member of the group being studied

continuous

a numerical variable we measure or calculate

population

the entire group being studied

variable

a characteristic that changes from one individual to another

quantitative

a type of variable whose value is a number that can be compared using a number line

data

the information collected and analyze in statistics

bivariate data

consists of two variables collected from each individual

side-by-side bar graph

compares two or more variables or data sets by grouping

class

organizes numerical data into usable categories

skewed left

a distribution with a tail on the left

frequency

the number of observations within a category or class

bell-shaped

a symmetrical distribution

time series plot

graph that displays the value of a variable at different points in time

ogive

graph that displays cumulative data

skewed right

a distribution with the tail on the right

relative frequency

the proportion or percent of observations within a category or class

bar graph

a graph for qualitative data that uses the height of a rectangle to represent the frequency for that category

histogram

a graph for qualitative data that uses the heigh of a rectangle to represent the frequency for that class

dot plot

graph that displays discrete data using dots

pie chart

a circular graph for qualitative data using slices to represent the proportion of each category

central tendancy

how our data is grouped together

parameter

a numerical summary of a population

dispersion

how our data is spread out

statistic

a numerical summary of a sample

median

a measure of center that perfectly divides that data set in half

resistant

a quality a numerical summary has if extreme values do not drastically affect it

variance

how far, on average, each observation is from the mean

ranges

two numbers that describe how spread out a data set is

range

one value that describes the difference between the minimum and maximum values in a data set

standard deviation

the typical deviation from the mean for an individual compared to the deviation for the group

mean

a measure if center that takes into account extreme data values

mode

the most frequently occurring value in a data set

outlier

value that is much lower or higher than the rest of the values in a data set

bimodal

data set has two modes