Chapter 1: Chemistry and Measurements

decomposition

the separation of compounds to elements by chemical methods

physical property

a characteristic that can be observed for a material without changing its chemical identity

physical change

a change that doesn’t alter the composition of identity of a substance

chemical property

a characteristic of a material involving its chemical change

chemical change

a change that alters the composition or identity of the substance(s) involved

sublimation

solid to gas

deposition

gas to solid

extensive property

depends upon how much matter is being considered

intensive property

doesn’t depend upon how much matter is being considered

giga (G)

prefix for 10^9, billion

mega (M)

prefix for 10^6, million

kilo (k)

prefix for 10^3, thousand

deci (d)

prefix for 10^-1, one tenth

centi (c)

prefix for 10^-2, one hundredth

milli (m)

prefix for 10^-3, one thousandth

micro

prefix for 10^-6, one millionth

nano (n)

prefix for 10^-9, one billionth

significant figures

the number of digits reported for the value of a measured or calculated quantity indicating the precision of the value

exact number

a number whose value has no uncertainty associated with it; includes definitions, counting and simple fractions

inexact number

a number whose value has a degree of uncertainty associated with it; results any time a measurement is made

precise and accurate

precise and/or accurate?

precise only

precise and/or accurate?

accurate only

precise and/or accurate?

neither precise nor accurate

precise and/or accurate?

no

Do leading zeros count as sig figs?

yes

do confined zeros count as sig figs?

yes

do trailing zeros count as sig figs if the number contains a decimal?

no

do trailing zeros count as sig figs if the number doesn’t contain a decimal?