Honors Chemistry Final Exam Review

These flashcards cover key concepts in Atomic Structure, Chemical Bonding, Chemical Equations, and Stoichiometry essential for the Honors Chemistry final exam.

What is Average Atomic Mass?

The weighted average of the masses of an element's isotopes.

What is Electronic Configuration?

The distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals.

What does Noble Gas Notation represent?

A shorthand way of writing electron configurations using the nearest noble gas.

What is the Aufbau Rule?

Electrons fill orbitals starting from the lowest available energy levels.

What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.

What does Hund's Rule state?

Electrons will fill degenerate orbitals singly before pairing up.

What are Valence Electrons?

The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding.

How does Atomic Radius change across periods?

Atomic radius decreases across periods from left to right.

How does Ionization Energy change down groups?

Ionization energy decreases as you move down a group.

What is Electronegativity?

A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons.

How does the trend of Electron Affinity change across periods?

Electron affinity tends to increase from left to right across a period.

What is Lattice Energy?

The energy released when one mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from its gaseous ions.

What are Ionic Bonds?

Chemical bonds formed between two ions with opposite charges.

What is a Covalent Bond?

A bond formed when two atoms share electrons.

How does the VSEPR Theory help predict molecular shapes?

It uses the repulsion between electron pairs to determine the geometry of molecules.

What is a Sigma Bond?

A type of covalent bond formed by the direct overlap of atomic orbitals.

What is a Pi Bond?

A type of covalent bond formed when two lobes of one orbitals overlap two lobes of another.

What is Percent Composition?

The percentage by mass of each element in a compound.

What does Stoichiometry involve?

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.