pathophysiology

What is pathophysiology?

The study of how diseases affect normal body function

What is incidence?

The number of new cases of a disease in a specific population over a given time period

What is prevalence?

The total number of existing cases of a disease in a population at a given time

What is morbidity?

The presence of illness or disease in a population

What is mortality?

The number of deaths in a population

What is a risk factor?

A characteristic that increases the likelihood of developing a disease

What is a comorbidity?

The presence of two or more diseases in one individual

What is an endemic disease?

A disease constantly present in a population

What is an epidemic?

A sudden increase in cases of a disease in a specific area

What is a pandemic?

A worldwide spread of disease

Basal cell carcinoma cause

Sun exposure and fair skin

Basal cell carcinoma treatment

Mohs surgery, curettage, cryotherapy

Squamous cell carcinoma key feature

Local invasion and sun exposure

Melanoma warning signs

Asymmetry, border irregularity, color change, diameter, evolving

Acne vulgaris cause

Hormonal changes increasing sebum production

Cellulitis cause

Bacterial infection (staph or strep)

Eczema symptom

Pruritic, inflamed skin

Osteoarthritis cause

Wear and tear of joint cartilage

Rheumatoid arthritis cause

Autoimmune inflammation of joints

Gout cause

Uric acid crystal deposition

Kyphosis

Excessive outward curvature of the spine

Lordosis

Excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Genetic disorder causing brittle bones

Hypertension cause

Increased vascular resistance

Hypertension complications

Stroke, heart disease, kidney damage

Angina cause

Decreased blood flow to heart muscle

Myocardial infarction cause

Coronary artery blockage

Congestive heart failure symptom

Shortness of breath and edema

Asthma cause

Airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction

COPD cause

Smoking and chronic lung irritation

Emphysema pathophysiology

Destruction of alveoli

Pneumonia cause

Infection of lung tissue

Bronchitis cause

Inflammation of bronchial tubes

Alzheimer’s disease

Progressive neurodegenerative disorder

Parkinson’s disease

Dopamine deficiency in the brain

Stroke cause

Interruption of cerebral blood flow

Seizure cause

Abnormal electrical activity in brain

Meningitis cause

Infection of meninges

Acute kidney injury

Sudden loss of kidney function

Chronic kidney disease

Progressive irreversible kidney damage

UTI symptoms

Dysuria, frequency, urgency

Renal calculi

Kidney stones formed from minerals

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix

Cirrhosis

Chronic liver scarring

Cholelithiasis

Gallstones

Crohn’s disease

Inflammatory bowel disease

Diverticulitis

Infected intestinal diverticula

Endometriosis

Endometrial tissue outside uterus

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Enlargement of prostate gland

Sexually transmitted infection

Spread through sexual contact

X-ray

Uses radiation to view bones

CT scan

Cross-sectional imaging using radiation

MRI

Imaging using magnetic fields

Ultrasound

Imaging using sound waves

PET scan

Detects metabolic activity