aphg unit 4

"Choke points" or transfer points

a strategic strait or canal which could be closed or blocked to stop sea traffic. Owning these can make you a lot of money.

African Union

Main supranational organization in Africa. Their goal is to encourage economic development and political stability for members AND to eradicate all colonialism. Leaders have to reach the same level of unity as EU. 55 African countries.

Allocational Boundary Dispute

A boundary dispute that involves conflicting claims to the natural resources of a border region.

Arctic Council

Helps with the issues related to governments and sovereignty of indigenous peoples of the Arctic.

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

a trade alliance that promotes trade and economic integration among member nations in Southeast Asia. Manages water resource issues in the waters there.

Balkanization

Fragmentation of a state or region into smaller states along ethno

city-state

An independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economical, and cultural life over its contiguous territory. Started in the Fertile Crescent.

Consolidation

The process of joining tow or more parcels of land to form a single parcel.

Contiguous Zone (CZ)

Between 12 and 24 nautical miles from shore, a state may enforce laws concerning pollution, taxation, customs, and immigration

Cracking

Break opposing party into multiple districts so the party in power outnumber them.

Definitional Dispute

Conflict over the language of the border agreement in a treaty or boundary contract

Devolution

the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states

Devolution

the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states

Ethnic Clensing

The mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society (genocide)

Ethnic National Movements

Full authority or separation on nationality or ethnicity.

ethnic separatism

involves the desire for a particular ethnic or cultural group to separate from an existing country or form & new country

European Union (EU)

a free trade zone encompassing 27 European countries

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

the seazone extending 200 nautical miles from the coast over which a state has special rights as to the exploration and use of marine resources (includes contiguous zones). States who have sole rights to this have sole rights to the resources in or on the sea.

Failed States

Countries that can no longer function as a state (i.e., provide services for their citizens or preform basic government duties).

Federal Government

A form of government in which powers are divided between a central government and several local governments.

Gerrymandering

Redistricting so that a political party has more power often through bribery.

How many states are there?

193 States

Independence Movements

a movement that is trying to gain political independence for some area that it thinks should be its own country

International Waters (High Seas)

ocean beyond the EEZ, in which all states have equal access

Irredentism

When a region or state is annexed by another state of ethnic similarities.

Kashmir

Muslim, Hindu Buddhist. Hotly contested, even after gaining independence from Britain in 1947. Was given the option to accede (join) either India or Pakistan. Their ruler wanted independence, but joined India in exchange for protection against Pakistan tribesman.

Kurds

One of the largest nations in the country (30million people). They speak Kurdish, NOT Arabic.A multi

locational dispute

dispute over the location of a boundary

multinational state

State that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self

multistate nation

nation that stretches across borders and across states

Nation

A group of people with shared cultural heritage, nationalism, a distinct homeland, self

Nation-states

a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent. Typically small and isolated, and very rare now.

Neocolonialism

Economic dominance of a weaker country by a more powerful one, while maintaining the legal independence of the weaker state. In the late nineteenth century, this new form of economic imperialism characterized the relations between the Latin American republics.

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Agreement that created a free

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

a group of 28 countries that has agreed to protect each other in case of attack

founded in 1949. Largest military in the world.

operational dispute

dispute that occurs over disagreements on the control of a border(s), fishing rights shared in waters, and management of natural resources.

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Their goal is to cooperate in order to stabilize oil prices and production. VERY powerful supranational organization.

Packing

Packing the opposing party into 1 district, even if they list far away.

Reapportionment

the process of reassigning representation based on population, after every census

Redistriction

Changing voting districts to be "fairer" to all candidates.

Self-determination

the right of people to choose their own form of government.

shatterbelts

regions that are politically fragmented and are often areas of competition (collisions) between two external powers.

Sovereignty

Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states and to self rule (autonomy).

State

An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs.

stateless nation

a group of people with a common political identity who do not have a territorially defined, sovereign country of their own

Supranationalism (Supranational Orginization)

2 or more national states working for a common goal like political, economic, or military.

Territoriality

Nonverbally communicating ownership of land/territory to others.

Transitional Corporation

A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.

UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea)

Est. 1973 to figure out procedures for ownership of the seas.

uneven development

Urban areas tend to get more developed than in rural (in LDCs especially)

Unitary Government

A centralized government in which most government powers belong to a single, central government.

United Nations (UN)

an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security

Wallerstein's World Systems Theory

1. The world economy has one market and a global division of labor.

2. Although the world has multiple states, almost everything takes place within the context of the world economy.

3. The world economy has a three