PNS Exam 4

Where are cell bodies for the visceral afferents located?

posterior root ganglia aka DRG

or CN ganglion such as inferior ganglion or nodose ganglion etc

Where do the axons of visceral afferents enter the cord?

posterior root or specific cranial nerve

What do sympathetic afferents pass through by traveling through the sytmpathetic trunk and spinal ganglia?

white ramus communicans

What do parasympathetic afferents travel in?

sacral spinal nerves and cranial nerves

What types of receptors are associated with visceral afferents?

sensitive to pressure, chemical concentrations, and muscle stretching

What cranial nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?

oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus

What spinal nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?

sacral spinal nerves 2,3,4

What type of neurotransmitter is for preganaglionic parasympathetic?

cholinergic

What are the effects of postganglionic parasympathetic on effector organs (CO, Bronchial tree, pupils, peristalisis)

CO-decrease

Bronchial tree- constrict

Pupils-constrict

Peristalsis- increase

Generally, which preganglionic parasympathetic carrying nerves supply structures in the head?

III, VII, IX

Generally, which preganglionic parasympathetic carrying nerves supply cardiac, respiratory, and digestive structures?

X

Generally, what preganglionic parasympathetic carrying nerves supply distal digestive system and urogenital systems?

S2,3,4

What is the preganglionic cell bodies of the oculomotor nerve?

acessory oculomotor nucleus/ Edinger-westphals nucleus

Where do we find edinger-westphals nucleus?

midbrain in the periaqueductal gray

What ganglion does the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of CN III synapse in?

ciliary ganglion

What nerves carry the post-ganglionic fibers after leaving the ciliary ganglion?

short ciliary nerves

What do the short ciliary nerves supply?

ciliary muscle

sphincter pupilae

Which muscle supplied by the short ciliary nerve decreasesthe size of the pupil?

sphincter pupilae

Which muscle supplied by the short ciliary nerve makes the lens more convex to focus on closer objects?

ciliary muscle

Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic parasympathetic of the facial nerve?

superior salivary nucleus

Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic nerves exit the CNS?

intermediate nerve

What 2 branches of the facial nerve carry the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers after exiting the CNS?

greater petrosal and chorda tympani

Where does the greater petrosal nerve leave the facial nerve?

genticulate ganglion

Where does the greater petrosal nerve re-enter the temporal bone?

foramen lacerum

Where does the preganglionic parasympathetics carried in greater petrosal nerve ultimately synapse in?

pterygopalatine ganglion

Where are the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion ultimately synape?

lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and pharyngeal glands

What does the chorda tympani leave the temporal bone through?

pterygotympanic fissure

What other nerve combines with chorda tympani after leaving the pterygotympanic fissure?

lingual nerve a branch of V3

What is the terminal ganglion for the preganglionic fibers of chorda tympani?

submandibular ganglion

Where do the postganglionic fibers travel to after leaving the submandibular ganglion?

submandibular and sublingual glands along with mucous membranes of oral cavity and lingual glands

Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies of CN IX?

inferior salivary nucleus

What nerve leaves the inferior salivary nucleus?

tympanic nerve

Where does the tympanic nerve come off the glossopharyngeal nerve?

inferior ganglion

What does the tympanic nerve recieve in the tympanic cavity?

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion

What do preganglionic parasympathetic branches do in the tympanic plexus?

nothing

What is the end of the line for sensory information carried in the tympanic nerve?

tympanic plexus

What do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers become after passing through the tymapnic plexus?

lesser petrosal nerve

What is the termination ganglion of the preganglionic parasympathtetic info of CN IX?

otic ganglion

Where does postganglionic parasympathetic info of glossopharyngeal end up?

parotid and posterior lingual glands

What nerve carries postganglionic parasymapthetic info to the parotid gland?

auriculotemporal nerve

What nerve carries postganglionic parasympathetic info to the posterior lingual glnads?

lingual branches of glossopharyngeal nerve

What visceral afferents are carried in the carotid branch of glossopharyngeal?

barorecptors of carotid sinus and chemoreceptors in carotid body

Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies of the vaggus nerve?

posterior nucleus of vagus

What is the eponym for submucosal plexus?

Meisner's plexus

What is the eponym for myenteric plexus?

Auerbach's plexus

In the pathway to the heart, what nerve(s) carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the heart?

inferior and superior cardiac nerves

What do the superior and inferior cardiac nerves synapse with?

cardiac plexus at base of heart

What are the structures that the postganaglionic paraym fibers of the heart carried to?

SA node

AV node

AV bundle to purkinje

What does parasympathetic stimulation do to the coronary arteries?

constrict

What are preganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried in in route to the lungs?

anterior and posterior bronchial branches

Where do the anterior and posterior bronchial branches synapse in?

anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses

What do parasympathetic imulses cause to happen within the lungs?

constriction of bronchial tree and increase secretions of bronchial glands

What are fast acting inhalers trying to mimic?

sympathetics

In an asthma attack, what is being over stimulated?

parasympathetics

What carries preganglionic fibers to the esophagus?

recurrent laryngeal nerves as well as anterior and posterior esophageal branches

Postganglionic parasympathetic supply the ? fibers of the esophagus

smooth muscle aka middle to lower 2/3 of esophagus

How do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach the stomach?

anterior and posterior vagal trunks

Where do the synapses occur between the pre and post ganglionic fibers occur?

submucosal and myenteric plexus

What does parasympathetic stimulation result in inside the stomach?

contraction of smooth muscle and secretion of gastric juices

How do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach the small intestine, cecum, veriform appendix, and ascending and transverse colon?

posterior vagal trunk to celiac plexus and then superior mesenteric plexus

How do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach the duodenum?

celiac plexus

What does parasympathetic stimulation do within the intestines?

increase contraction of smooth muscle and secretomotor for intestine glands

Why are visceral afferents needed in the veriform appendix?

pain info during appendicitis

What is the blood supply for the gall bladder, pancreas, and biliary tree

common hepatic

What are preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the gall bladder, pancreas, and biliary tree carried in?

hepatic branch of the right vagal trunk

What is the hepatic plexus an extension of?

celiac plexus

Where do synapses occur via the hepatic plexus?

walls of gallbladder and biliary tree and the glandular tissue of the pancreas

What does parasympathetic stimulation cause in the gall bladder, pancreas, and biliary tree?

increase smooth muscle activity in gall bladder and biliary vessels and secretomotor for pancreatic glands

How do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach the speen?

posterior vagal trunk by way of splenic plexus

The motor supply of the kidneys is only ?

sympathetic

Any fibers reaching the kidney via parasympathetic pathways are ?

visceral afferents

Where are the cell bodies for the visceral afferents of the kidneys?

inferior ganglion of vagus

The motor supply of the liver is ? only

sympathetic

The motor supply to the suprarenal glands is ? only

sympathetic

Where do the sacral parasympathetic pathways arise from?

lateral horns of S2-4

At what spinal level would be find the sacral parasympathetic pathways?

L1

How do the sacral parasympathetic pathways reach their exit point from the vertebral column?

cauda equina

The sacral parasympathetics exit through the ? sacral foramina to be carried in ?

anterior; pelvic splanchnic

Pelvic splanchnic nerve travel to ? and are distributed to the pelvic organs

inferior hypogastric plexus

The preganglionic parasympathetic pathways travel through the hypogastric plexus to reach the superior hypogastric and inferior messenteric plexuses by way of what nerve ?

hypogastric nerve

To reach the rectum and anus, preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel to what?

inferior hypogastric plexus

What is the target of postganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the urinary bladder?

detrussor muscle

What do parasympathetic information stimulate in the bladder?

urinary emptying

What neurons are inhibited to allow for bladder emptying?

somatic to the external urethral sphincter

WHere are postganglionic parasympathetic fibers distributed throughout in the uterus?

myometrium of uterus

What does parasympathetic stimulation do within the uterus?

inhibits myometrium

T/F parasympathetic stimulation has a larger role to play than hormonal factors in the uterus

false

What does parasympathetic stimulation cause in the vagina?

vasodilation and increased secretory activity

How do fibers reach the inferior part of the vagina?

via the pudendal nerve (S2,3,4)

What does parasympathetic stimulation do to the penis or clitoris?

vasodilation and filling of sinuses of erectile tissue

Where are the cell bodies of the sympathetics located?

lateral horn of T1-L2

Wher do sympathetics exit the cord?

anterior rootlets

THe sympathetics exit the anterior primary ramus and enter the sympathetic trunk via ?

white ramus communicans

Most sympathetics will synapse on ?

postganglionic cells in ganglia of the sympathetic trunk

Some preganglionic sympathetic fibers will pass through the sympathetic trunk to be carried in ?

splanchnic nerves

What neurotransmitter did preganglionic sympathetics release?

acetylcholine

The sympathetic trunk is made of ? columns of interconnected ?

2 paravertebral; ganglia

Where doe sthe sympathetic trunk extend from?

superior cervical ganglion to ganglion impar

How many ganglia are on each trunk?

21

There are ? cervical, ? thoracic, ? lumbar, and ? sacral ganglia in the sympathetic trunk

3,11,4,4