(2) Monarchy and divine rights

When did Charles become the king of England?

• 1625

Why did Charles prefer the company of his few trusted individuals

• because of his ongoing physical frailty, shyness and stammer

What were the aims of Charles i

• maintain law and order within his kingdoms

• Defend his kingdom from external threats

• Provide effective religious leadership

• Ensure financial/economic wellbeing

Who did Charles i marry, and why was it controversial

• Henrietta Maria and it caused fears of catholic influence at court and in government

What influence did queen henrietta Maria have at court?

• She promoted catholic practices, had her own chapel and priests

How did Henrietta Maria’s presence affect court politics

• she gained influence quickly and often supported catholic courtiers which alarmed Protestant mp’s

Why did Charles I policies worry Protestants in England?

• They feared he was too sympathetic to catholics and might try to change the Church of England

What was the effect of Charles marriage on foreign policy?

• it created hopes of a catholic alliance with France

How did court culture reflect Charles views?

• He encouraged art, ceremony and order , mirroring catholic style worship and hierarchy

What does the term regent mean?

A person who rukes on behalf of a monarch who is absent, too young or incapable of ruling

Who was sir Francis cottington

• A catholic sympathiser who supported a pro-Spanish policy

Who was Richard Weston?

Why was Richard Weston important in Charles government?

• as lord treasurer and a catholic sympathiser, he worked hard to avoid war, maintaining royal finances and supporting catholic tolerance

How did Charles protect catholics early in his reign?

• He reduced recusancy fine and pardoned catholic offenders, partly due to promises made in his marriage treaty in France

How did parliament respond to Charles tolerance of catholics?

• Mp’s were alarmed, fearing Charles was undermining Protestantism and inviting catholic influence into government

What changes did Charles I make to court culture?

He emphasised order, hierarchy and ceremony

How did court entertainment reflect Charles and Henrietta Maria’s influence

• they promoted masques , theatre and visual arts, often with catholic and absolutist themes, distancing the court from Protestant tradition

What is Arminianism

• a denomination of Protestantism hose members did not want the puritan reformation within the Church of England

Why did parliament reject the divine rights?

• because it undermined parliaments sovereignty and subjected parliament to the royal will rather than the will of the people

Why did catholics reject the divine rights?

• because they refused to accept that the popes authority could be displaced, and they continued to believe that the popes authority could was a higher authority than the king

Why did puritans reject the divine rights?

• extreme puritans believed that the king only had earthly power and should therefore not be allowed to appoint bishops and other spiritual leaders

What is impeachment?

• refers to the accusation against someone in public office

What was the first four years of Charles reign characterised by?

• disagreements between the king and parliament