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5 Terms

1
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Deontology

  • Focus: Rules, duties, obligations

  • Moral action = following duty, not outcomes

  • Example: Don’t lie even if it helps someone

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Utilitarianism

  • Focus: Consequences

  • Moral action = maximizes overall happiness / minimizes harm

  • Example: Choosing layoffs to save more jobs

3
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Kantian Ethics (Kant)

  • Focus: Universal moral laws + respect for people

  • Principles:

    1. Categorical Imperative — only do actions that could be universal rules

    2. Treat people as ends, not means

  • Example: Never manipulate employees for profit

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Virtue Ethics

  • Focus: Character and moral traits (virtues)

  • Moral action = what a virtuous person would do

  • Example: Being honest and brave because that’s who you want to be

5
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Rawls veil of ignorance

individuals choose rules for society without knowing their own social status, abilities, or beliefs