Chapter 23 Statins and Lipids

What are the three primary types of lipids?

Triglycerides (90%), phospholipids, and steroids (cholesterol)

Where does cholesterol come from?

75% made in the body, 25% from diet.

What is atherosclerosis?

Plaque buildup in artery walls.

Why is HDL considered “good cholesterol”

It transports cholesterol from tissues back to the liver for excretion.

What does LDL do?

Carries cholesterol from the liver to body tissues.

Define hyperlipidemia.

High lipid levels in the blood.

Define hypercholesterolemia.

High cholesterol levels.

Define dyslipidemia.

Abnormal levels of lipoproteins (too high or low).

Major causes of lipid disorders?

Genetics, diet high in saturated/trans fats, obesity, lack of exercise

How do statins work?

Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase → lowers cholesterol synthesis.

What must be monitored while on a statin?

Liver function.

Major adverse effects of statins?

Muscle/joint pain, severe myopathy, rhabdomyolysis.

Who cannot take statins?

Pregnant women and people under 12.

What food/drink should be avoided with statins?

Grapefruit juice

Total cholesterol number

less than 200

LDL number

less than 100

HDL number

over 60