Objectives Identify Common Classes Medications Used To Treat Respiratory Conditions. Explain The Mechanism Of Action, Primary Action And Important Adverse Effects Of Medications Used To Treat Respiratory Conditions Describe The Nurses Role In The Pharmacologic Management Of Medications Used To Treat Respiratory Conditions. Asthma Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd) Bronchodilators Bronchodilators: Short Acting Example Medications Albuterol (Ventolin, Proair) Levalbuterol (Xopenex) Moa – Binds To Beta 2 Receptors In Airway Smooth Muscles Side Effects Tachycardia (Fast Heart Rate) Headache Tremor And Jittery Paradoxical Bronchospasm (Rare & With Excessive Use Of Saba) Nursing Considerations Respiratory Assessment Appropriate Technique. Appropriate Inhaler Bronchodilators: Long-Acting Example Medications Salmeterol (Serevent) Formoterol (Foradil, Perforomist) Arformoterol (Brovana) Moa – Binds To Beta 2 Receptors In Airway Smooth Muscles Side Effects – Headache, Hypertension Nursing Considerations Respiratory Assessment Appropriate Technique Appropriate Inhaler Anticholinergics – Lamas Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists Example Medications Ipratropium (Atrovent) – Bid Tiotropium (Spiriva) – Qd Combivent (Ipratropium/Albuterol Moa - Bind To The Acetylcholine (Ach) Receptors Preventing Ach From Binding. Side Effects Dry Mouth Or Throat Nasal Congestion Heart Palpitations Gastrointestinal (Gi) Distress Nursing Implications Respiratory Assessment Appropriate Technique Appropriate Inhaler Xanthine Derivatives Plant Alkaloids: Caffeine, Theobromine, And Theophylline Example Medications Theophylline Po Aminophylline Iv Only Moa – Causes Smooth Muscle Relaxation Which Leads To Bronchodilation Side Effects Heart Palpitations, Nervousness, Insomnia, Tremors Nausea, Vomiting, Anorexia Nursing Considerations Probably Best To Avoid Other Sources Of Caffeine Good Cardiac Assessments And Respiratory Assessments Nonbronchodilating Respiratory Drugs Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (Ltras) Examples Montelukast (Singulair) – Chewable Tablet Zafirlukast (Accolate) Moa – Leukotriene Antagonist Side Effects - Minimal Headache, Nausea, Diarrhea Nursing Considerations For Asthma – At Night For Allergic Rhinitis, Any Time Corticosteroids (Glucocorticoids) - Inhaled Anti-Inflammatory Properties Used For Chronic Asthma Examples Fluticasone (Flovent) Budesonide (Pulmicort) Beclomethasone (Qvar) Fluticasone/Salmeterol (Advair) Side Effects/Nursing Implications Thrush – Rinse Out Mouth Dry Mouth Coughing Proper Administration Appropriate Use Oral Corticosteroids (Systemic) Generally Used Only To Treat Acute Exacerbations, Or Severe Asthma. Short Periods Of Time: 5 – 7 Days Prednisone Taper Side Effects: Can Increase Blood Sugar (Hyperglycemia) Mood Changes Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor Examples Roflumilast (Daliresp) Moa – Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Indicated To Prevent Coughing And Excess Mucus From Worsening Side Effects Nausea, Diarrhea, Weight Loss Headache, Insomnia Nursing Implications Respiratory Assessment Gi Assessment Monoclonal Antibodies Examples: Omalizumab (Xolair) Moa: Monoclonal Antibodies Side Effects: Injection Site Reaction, Mi, Venous Thromboembolism Nursing Implications: Respiratory Assessment, Cardiac/Perfusion Assessment

Bronchodilators

Medications like Albuterol that bind to beta 2 receptors in airway smooth muscles to relieve respiratory conditions.

Anticholinergics (LAMAs)

Drugs such as Ipratropium that bind to acetylcholine receptors to treat respiratory conditions, causing side effects like dry mouth and heart palpitations.

Xanthine Derivatives

Medications like Theophylline that cause smooth muscle relaxation to alleviate respiratory conditions, with side effects including heart palpitations and nervousness.

Corticosteroids (Glucocorticoids)

Drugs like Fluticasone that are inhaled to manage respiratory conditions, but may lead to side effects such as thrush and dry mouth.

Oral Corticosteroids (systemic)

Generally used for acute exacerbations of respiratory conditions, these medications can cause side effects like hyperglycemia and mood changes.

Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor

Medications like Roflumilast that inhibit phosphodiesterase to treat respiratory conditions, with side effects such as nausea and diarrhea.

Monoclonal Antibodies

Drugs like Omalizumab used to manage respiratory conditions, with potential side effects including injection site reactions and venous thromboembolism.