industrialism part 2

The great Railroad strike of 1877

First nationwide labor, uprising due to dangerous working conditions, the workers inability to join a union, economic depression, and the fact that workers had to live in the town they worked in

Knights of Labor

Terrence Powderly = Leader

Believed in equal pay for equal work

Opposed child, labor, urged congress to pay child labor under the age of 18

Organizes all workers regardless of their occupation excepts liquor dealers, lawyers, bankers, gamblers etc.

Progressive (ahead of their time)

Open to all races, except Chinese

Allowed women to join

American Federation of Labor

Samuel Gompers = Leader

Only wanted skilled workers

Wanted immediate economic gains through collective bargaining

Anarchism

Believed that there should be no market

Believed Capitalism and the government work together to exploit the worker

Believed it was ok to practice violence

Mother Jones

United Mineworkers

Moved to Memphis, Tennessee, as a child. Loses her husband and children to yellow fever. relocate to Chicago opens a store. The store catches on fire. She feels compelled to do something for the poor becomes highly committed to getting child labor banned. She sponsors enlarged to the White House for children’s workers in 1900 hoped to meet with Roosevelt, but did not. Pennsylvania band child labor after this March.

Haymarket Square affair/riot of 1886

The Knights of labor invited a mass number of workers to a square in Chicago. Someone throws a bomb at a police officer a riot follows.

Begins the end of the nights of labor (Possible guilt by association)

Homestead steel strike of 1892

Strike at the Carnegie plant

Carnegie leaves Henry Frick in charge, Frick announces the wages of the workers will be cut, The union refuses to accept the wage cut the workers take over the plant, an anarchist goes to freaks office and shoots Frick, Frick survives. The public begins to support companies rather than the people on strike. The workers give up and go back to work because they’re running out of money and support.

What two events stalled the emerging industrial union movement?

The Homestead Steel Strike and the Pullman Strike

American Railway workers

Pullman Strike

Pullman workers went on strike because wages had been cut, but their rent was not. Eugene V. Debs helped the strikers. Shortly after federal troops came to the strikers town, the strike ended.

International Workers of the World

Big Bill Haywood

All workers welcome

Believed in strikes. Specifically wanted all workers to go on strike at once in the US. Bringing down the capitalist system by replacing the politicians and power with workers.

Didn’t gain a lot of support because their ideas were too radical

Henry Grady

Editor of the Atlanta Constitution

Had ideas of what the south should look like moving forward

Believed that people in the south should emphasize diverse defying the economy by adding industry. But there was a need for more education (vocational)

Believed race relations were cordial and would stay cordial

Did Henry Grady’s vision for the new South actually happen?

No, some industry came, but there was still a dominant focus on farming

Jim Crow Laws

Passed by the States to separate the Races Leads to a Rise of Segregation

Mississippi Plan

Past laws that didn’t mention race, explicitly, but called out blacks to try and deny them voting rights

Parts of the Mississippi plan

Proof of residence

Pay a pole tax

Take a literacy test at the poll

Grandfather clause

A loophole for Whites that couldn’t pay the poll tax, where they could vote if their grandfather could vote on January 1, 1867

Plessy V. Ferguson

“ Separate but equal” doctrine

Allowed for more Jim Crow Laws to be passed

Ida B. Wells

Anti Lynching Advocate

Booker T. Washington

Famous Black Educator

Moderate stance on Civil Rights

Better yourself before demanding Rights

W. E. B Dubois

Wanted Immediate Civil Rights for African Americans