NHM 252 (FOOD SCIENCE) - MOD 1

UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA

six classes of nutrients

water

carbs

protein

lipids

vitamins

minerals

what is FOOD and what is the PURPOSE of food?

food is the combination of nutrients that are essential to life.

the purpose of food is to replace nutrients used during body’s maintenance, repair, and growth

what is the difference between food science and nutrition?

nutrition is the study of the nutrients in food including their role and balance in relation to health and disease AND the process by which humans ingest, digest, absorb, and utilize food substances

food science is the study of raw food materials and their behavior during food preservation, product formulation, processing, packaging, storage, and preparation

what is the institute of food technologists definition of food science?

discipline in which the engineering, biological, and physical sciences are used to study the nature of foods, the causes of deterioration, the principles underlying food processing, and the improvement of foods for the consuming public

name the ten companies that own almost every food and beverage brand

nestle

pepsico

general mills

kelloggs

associated british foods plc

mondelez international

mars

danone

unilever

coca-cola

summarize the meat inspection act of 1906

FMIA -

mandatory inspection of livestock BEFORE slaughter

mandatory post-mortem inspection of every carcass

sanitary standards established for slaughterhouses and meat processing plants

authorized USDA ongoing monitoring and inspection of slaughter and processing operations

summarize the federal food, drug, and cosmetic act of 1938

FD&C

• passed by congress in 1938 after 107 people, many children, died in 1937 from elixir sulfanilamide drug that used an untested solvent (diethylene glycol)

• supreme law of US governing food and covers food in interstate commerce

• gave FDA power to oversee safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics

• authorized factory inspections and enforcement against unsafe products

summarize the food safety modernization act of 2011

FSMA

• major overhaul of US food safety law

• aimed to ensure that the US food supply is safe by shifting the focus from responding to contamination to preventing it

• required hazard analysis, preventive controls, and expanded import oversight

• gave FDA a number of new powers, including mandatory recall authority

name the major US food regulatory agencies and what they oversee

FDA - most food

USDA - oversees most meat and poultry

federal trade commission FTC - oversees advertising

bureau of alcohol, tobacco, and firearms (ATF) - oversees alcohol

Environmental protection agency (EPA) - pesticide regulation and waste water

what are food additives?

approved substances added to food so it becomes a component of the food product and it affects the characteristics of the product

who is the oversight agency for approving and regulating food additives?

FDA

what is the most common food additives?

salt, sugar

foods can be additive-free or preservative-free but not what? and what are examples?

chemical-free

ex: fruits, veggies, grains, nuts, meat, poultry, fish, egg, milk

Which branch of food science focuses on the functional properties
of proteins?

food chemistry

Which branch of food science focuses on the microorganisms that cause foodborne disease?

food microbiology

major categories of food additives:

food preservatives

preservatives inhibit the growth of microorganisms through sodium nitrite

major categories of food additives:

food antioxidants

these protect lipids from oxidations through ascorbic acid

major categories of food additives:

food colorants

colorants impart color (caramel color, carotenoids)

major categories of food additives:

food emulsifiers

these stabilize emulsions (lecithin)

major categories of food additives:

food flavorings

these modify flavor/taste (natural and artificial flavors

major categories of food additives:

food stabilizers and thickeners

these stabilize texture (pectin, polysaccharides)