CRIM 102 Exam 3 Study Guide Flashcards

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts and terms related to CRIM 102, focusing on criminology, criminal behavior, and related legalities.

Problem behavior syndrome

A cluster of antisocial behaviors including family dysfunction, substance abuse, early pregnancy, educational underachievement, and unemployment.

Population heterogeneity

The concept that individual differences affect the likelihood of committing crime.

State dependence

The changing propensity to commit crime based on the experiences and circumstances of a person.

Age of onset

The age at which an individual first engages in illegal or delinquent behavior.

Cumulative disadvantage

The accumulation of prior social problems that lead to further social difficulties.

Turning point

Life events that enable an individual to desist from crime.

Social Capital

Positive relationships with individuals and institutions that support well-being.

Overt Pathway

A developmental trajectory beginning with minor aggression and escalating to serious violent acts.

Covert pathway

A trajectory of delinquency characterized by hidden behaviors that can escalate to severe offenses.

Life course persistent

Individuals who consistently engage in criminal behavior from childhood into adulthood.

Adolescent limited

Individuals who engage in delinquent behavior primarily during their teenage years.

Mass Murder

Multiple murders committed in a single event.

Spree Killer

A killer of multiple victims over a relatively short time without a discernible pattern.

Instrumental Violence

Violence that is part of a larger plan to accomplish a goal.

Expressive Violence

Violence that expresses emotions such as anger and frustration.

Date Rape

Rape committed by someone with whom the victim is acquainted.

Marital Rape

Rape involving legal spouses.

Statutory Rape

Consensual sexual activity that is legally defined as rape due to age constraints.

Motivation for rape

Factors driving sexual offending, including sexual gratification, power, control, and unconscious motivations.

Stalking

A pattern of behavior where individuals repeatedly follow or harass another person.

Espionage

The act of gathering secret information about governments or individuals.

Treason

An act of disloyalty to one's nation.

Patriot act

Legislation that enhances law enforcement's ability to investigate and detain suspected terrorists.

State sponsored terrorism

Government actions involving terrorist acts against its own citizens.

Guerrilla terrorists

Armed groups that use hit-and-run tactics to destabilize governments.

Terrorist Cell

Small units of a larger organization that operate independently for specific tasks.

Ticking time bomb test

A scenario in which immediate action is needed to prevent a terrorist attack.

Eco-terrorism

Environmental extremism, often involving groups like ALF and ELF.

Economic crime

Criminal activities driven by financial gain, excluding physical violence.

White collar crime

Crimes involving deceit for financial gain in business contexts.

Price fixing

Manipulating supply costs, often after crises or disasters.

Green-collar crime

Violations of laws meant to protect the environment.

Compliance strategies

Methods using economic sanctions to discourage white-collar crime.

Ponzi Scheme

Investment fraud where returns are paid from new investors' capital.

Fence

A person or business that buys stolen goods intending to resell them.

Chiseling

White-collar crime involving deceit to overcharge or manipulate customers.

General Theory of Crime

A theory positing that low self-control and criminal opportunities explain criminal behavior.

Self-Control

The ability to delay gratification and resist impulsive actions.

Criminal Opportunity

Situations allowing individuals to commit crimes without consequences.

Trajectory Theory

The theory recognizing diverse reasons for crime and differing patterns over time.

Biological Trajectories

Genetic or neurobiological factors contributing to criminal behavior.

Psychological Trajectories

Personality traits and mental health influencing delinquency.

Sociological Trajectories

The impact of social environments on the likelihood of criminal activities.

FBI categories of rapists

A typology categorizing rapists based on motivations and behavior.

Degrees of Murder

Different classifications of murder, including first-degree, second-degree, and manslaughter.

Criteria robbers use selecting targets

Robbers choose targets based on vulnerability, accessibility, and profitability.

Motivations for hate crimes

Racial, ethnic, religious, gender or disability-based violent acts against specific groups.

Roots of Hate

Thrill-seeking or reactionary factors contributing to hate crimes.

Tactics used in election fraud

Methods such as intimidation, misinformation, and vote buying used to manipulate elections.

Stages in involving involvement in political crime

A sequence of recognizing and attributing blame for an undesirable event.

Types of government corruption

Abuse of power for personal gain, manifesting in bribery, embezzlement, and nepotism.

Stats Number of rapes according to the UCR and NVCS

Various statistics illustrating reported rapes and population density influences.