basics of organic chemistry and alkanes,alkenes,alcohols and carboxylic acids

organic chemisty is

anything with carbons bascially

what are homologous series

as series of compounds which have the same general formula and/or show a gradual variation of physical propherties, all hydrocarbons

hydrocarbons are derived from

fossil fuels in the form of crude oil

complete combustion word equation

(hydrocarbon)fuel+ oxygen→ carbon dioxide+ water

incomplete combustion word equation

fuel(hydrocarbon) + oxygen→carbon monoxide+ water+ carbon (soot)

what does viscous mean

a thick sticky consistency between solid and liquid- more viscous means more thick

alkanes are

viscous

functional group of alkanes is

Cn H2n+2

order of alkanes

methane, ethane, propane, butane

the most viscous alkane is …… and the least viscous is ……

butane,methane

the most flameble and volatile alkane is …….., and the least is …..

methane, butane

alkanes functional group is

they don’t have one

the general formula for alkenes is

CnH2n

meth means

1

eth means

two

prop means

3

but means

4

what is a functional group

a collection of atoms that are part of a molecule

the functional group of alkenes is

a carbon to carbon double bond, c=c

are alkenes saturated or unsaturated

unsaturated

are alkanes unsaturated or saturated

saturated

alkenes don’t have one starting with meth, why?

becuase the function group is a carbon to carbon double bond, and meth means one but there has to be 2 carbons for it to be an alkene so it doesn’t exsist

in alkenes, the C=C can ……. to make ……… allowing the carbon atoms to ……

open up,a single bond, bond with other atoms

which are more reactive, alkanes or alkenes, and why?

alkenes are more reactive because the carbon to carbon double born can open up so the carbons can bond to other atoms

how do you test for the presence of alkenes

add it to bromine water which has the colour orange and it will go colourless because the bromine will bond to the two carbons that the double bond opened up on

alcohols functional grouo is

o-h

the first 4 alcohols are

methanol, ethanol,propanol,butanol

general formula for alcohols

CnH2n+1

ethanol is a

solvent

alcohols are used as ……….. that are …… in water because they can …….. things that water can’t like …………

industrial solvents, miscible,dissolve, hydrocarbons oils and fats

solutions containing alcohol are

neutral

carboxylic acids functional group

COOH