Unit 3 Vocabulary
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Last updated 11:59 PM on 3/18/25
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24 Terms
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demography
the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations
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population density
number of individuals per unit area
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age structure diagram
graphic representation of a population showing the percentage of the total population by age and sex
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crude birth rate
the number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population
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crude death rate
The number of deaths per year per 1,000 people
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infant mortality
the death rate during the first year of life
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total fertility rate
The number of children born to an average woman in a population during her entire reproductive life
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demographic transition
change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates due to industrialization
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doubling time
the time required for a population to double in size
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exponential growth
growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate
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linear growth
Expansion that increases by the same amount during each time interval.
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natural increase
Crude death rate subtracted from crude birth rate
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migration
the movement of organisms from one population to another
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emigration
migration from a population
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immigration
migration into a population
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negative population growth
the actual decline in population due to less than replacement births or extensive diseases
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fecundity
the potential offspring production for a female
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r-selected species
a species that has a high intrinsic growth rate, which often leads to population overshoots and diebacks
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k-selected species
A species with a low intrinsic growth rate that causes the population to increase slowly until it reaches carrying capacity
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survivorship curve
a graph that represents the distinct patterns of species survival as a function of age
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overshoot
when a population becomes larger than the environment’s carrying capacity
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dieback/die-off
a rapid decline in a population due to death
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carrying capacity
the limit of how many individuals in a population the environment can sustain
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biotic potential
the maximum reproduction rate of a population in ideal conditions
Note 
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