HIS 106 Terms

Sacred-social order

What societies believe about god, existence, higher power, etc and how it directs the functioning of the society

Islam

Monotheist religion which took over Sindh, India in 711 and forced conversion

Delhi sultanates

Consistently ruled Northern India from 1206 and fought off Mongols

Vasco da Gama

First explorer to reach India by sea, Portuguese

Mughal Empire

“Gunpowder” empire, more developed fortification, 1526

Dhimmi status

A status for Christians and Hindus in India under Muslim rule to be allowed to not convert under certain regulations to lessen bloodshed of polytheists

Sikhism

A monotheist religion blending Islam and Hinduism but was unsuccessful

Silk road

A network of trade routes across Europe and Asia, primarily for the exportation of silk from China

Yuan dynasty

First foreign-ruled dynasty to take over all of India, 1280, Mongols

Imperial Examination System

System used to choose people to work in the government. A written exam testing everything from etiquette and writing to knowledge and thinking. Main form of social mobility

Neo-Confucian Synthesis

Sacred-social order allowing for Buddhism, Daoism and Confucianism to co-exist

King Ezana

King of Axum, Africa and was baptized in 333. Axum was the 2nd state to officially adopt Christianity

Inca Empire

Civilization of the Andes, est. 1438 with violent and religious sacred-social order. Spanish conquest, 1533

Aztec Empire

Civilization of Mesoamerica, est. 1431, Spanish conquest, 1521

Rangaku

Dutch learning in Tokugawa Japan

Modernization

Embracing modernity by adopting the ‘new things’. Categorized by science & technology, economic development, industrialization, wealth and population growth

Olmecs

First major civilization in Mexico, 1200

Christendom

Christianity as the dominant religion in a part of the world

Byzantine Empire

Prodistant, orthodox who conquered western Europe

Golden Horde

The Mongols took over parts of Russia, 1230s

Treaty of Tordesillas and Seragossa

Dividing the ocean between Spain and Portugal

Libido Dominandi

Desire for power

Valladolid debate

Debate about the rightness of conquering Americas, they are people vs. they are incompetent

Transatlantic slave trade

Europe taking slaves from Africa and bringing them to the Americas to be used for labor

Mesitizos

Mixed European and Indigenous American people

Creoles

Mixed European and African people

Latin America

Mixed Canada-British and French

Thin read line

British Raj favoured Muslims and Sikhs, very few British ruling very many Indians with highly developed guns

“Civilizing” mission

Growing sense in the British that they are the most civilized and must raise others to this

Daimyo and Samurai

Military leaders in Japan before the Tokugawa, great nobility and warriors

Warring states period

aka Sengoku, conflicts between prominent clans and states of Japan before the Tokugawa

Battle of Sekigahara

1600, brought Japan under Tokugawa rule

Edo

Capital of Tokugawa Japan, currently Tokyo

Canton System

Qing dynasty; trade only allowed at certain ports of China, eventually only one trading port: Guangzhou

Foreign mud

Opium trade between Europe and China

“Century of Humiliation”

China is at the mercy of Europe and Japan and become ‘carved up’ like other nations

Sonno Joi

“revere the emporer, expel ti barbarians”

Meji Restoration, 1868

Young Turks

Secret society of army officers in the Ottoman empire who seized power