Progressive Era and Reforms

These flashcards cover key figures, events, and concepts from the Progressive Era and American history, focusing on social reforms, amendments, and influential movements.

Who was Upton Sinclair and what role did he play in muckraking?

muckraker who pioneered investigative journalism and was nominated for governor of California.

What did the Seventeenth Amendment establish?

established the direct election of United States Senators.

Who was Jane Addams and what was she known for?

sociologist who won the Nobel Peace Prize for her work in women’s suffrage and world peace.

What was the temperance movement focused on?

aimed to limit or abolish alcohol consumption in the United States.

What was the main contribution of Florence Kelley?

fought for government regulation to protect working women and children.

Define suffrage.

right to vote in political elections.

What was Margaret Sanger's contribution to women's rights?

birth control activist who opened the first birth control clinic, founded Planned Parenthood, developed the first birth control pill, and helped legalize birth control.

What did the Nineteenth Amendment accomplish?

granted women the right to vote.

Who was Ida B. Wells?

Black journalist, abolitionist, and feminist who worked to combat violence and racism against Black people post-Reconstruction.

What was Roosevelt's Square Deal?

Roosevelt's domestic program that focused on corporate law, consumer protection, and the conservation of natural resources.

What did the New Nationalism represent in Roosevelt's agenda?

Roosevelt's focus on economic and political reform, tackling inequality, and asserting that it was the federal government's responsibility to act in the interest of the American people.

Who was Carrie Chapman Catt?

was an advocate for women’s rights and international peace.

What did the Sixteenth Amendment establish?

established an income tax.

What role did Alice Paul play in the women's suffrage movement?

leading feminist of the early 20th century who brought women's suffrage to national attention.

Define imperialism.

extension of a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Who was Booker T. Washington?

Black leader in civil rights who urged African Americans to focus on community and economic advancement rather than directly challenging segregation.

What is yellow journalism?

refers to sensationalist journalism that uses eye-catching headlines to attract readers.

Who founded the NAACP and what was its purpose?

founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to fight against segregation and promote civil rights for African Americans.

What is meant by 'sphere of influence'?

region where a foreign power has exclusive rights and privileges, affecting local developments without formal authority.

Who was Theodore Roosevelt?

32nd president of the United States, known for implementing the New Deal and leading the country through the Depression.

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

Chinese uprising against foreign imperialism that weakened China and allowed liberal policies to take root.

Who was John Muir?

U.S. conservationist who established the national park system and the Sierra Club.

What was the Open Door Policy?

Diplomatic policy that advocated for equal trade and investment opportunities in China.

What was Woodrow Wilson's role during WWI?

president during WWI and created the League of Nations, established the 8-hour workday, and banned child labor.

What did the Platt Amendment do?

prohibited the Cuban government from entering any international treaty that would compromise its independence or allow foreign military presence on the island.

Who was Queen Liliuokalani?

last queen of Hawaii, overthrown by U.S. businessmen.

What is 'big stick' diplomacy?

foreign policy that involves careful negotiation backed by the threat of military force.

Who was Sanford B. Dole?

was the first president of the Republic of Hawaii.

What did the Roosevelt Corollary state?

addition to the Monroe Doctrine that justified U.S. intervention in Latin American nations to prevent European interference.

What was 'dollar diplomacy'?

Taft’s foreign policy that used economic power to advance U.S. interests and promote stability abroad.

Who was William Howard Taft?

27th president known for establishing dollar diplomacy and pushing for the Sixteenth Amendment.

What does 'moral diplomacy' entail?

foreign policy that emphasizes promoting democracy, human rights, and self-determination.

Who was Francisco 'Pancho' Villa?

key figure in the Mexican Revolution.

What is the purpose of the National Consumer's League (NCL)?

Fught for American worker/consumer rights, advocating for fair wages and safe products.

What did NAWSA stand for?

National American Woman Suffrage Association, which fought for women's suffrage.

What is the NAACP?

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, focused on fighting for African American civil rights.

What does the Urban League do?

HJelped Black Americans relocate to the north find jobs and serves as a civil rights force.

What was the role of the Anti-Defamation League?

sought to combat anti-Semitism and worked against the KKK, advocating for hate crime laws.

What were the Rough Riders?

U.S. volunteer cavalry group made up of a diverse range of individuals.