gyatt

anat term - deep

away from body surface

anat term - superficial

toward or at the body surface

anat term - anterior/cranial

towards head (in humans its superior)

anat term - posterior/caudal

toward butt (in humans its inferior)

anat term - medial

Toward the midline of the body

anat term - lateral

Away from the midline of the body

anat term - dorsal

toward the back

anat term - ventral

Toward the belly

anat term - proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

anat term - distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

the three animals that will be dissected

earthworm, grasshopper, perch

worm - prostomium

the first segment of the worm. upper lip covering the mouth

worm - clitellum

involved in making a gelatinous egg casing during reproduction.

worm - ventral surface

this surface is typically lighter colored and may feel slightly rough due to containing small, hair like structures that help the worm grip the soil for moving.

worm - how to distinguish dorsal surface?

dark line runs across it (dorsal vessel, a major blood vessel)

worm - pharynx

region between the MOUTH and ESOPHAGUS

worm - seminal vesicles

larger, sperm maturing

worm - seminal receptacles

smaller, more spherical, sperm is received here

worm - aortic arches

pump blood to rest of body

worm - esophagus

tube transports food from pharynx to the crop

worm - septa

membranous structures that separate each segment

worm - crop

stores food (soil?)

worm - gizzard

muscular and contains rocks to grind food

worm - intestine

site of chemical digestion and absorption

worm - anus

shit feces

grasshopper - antennae

sensory appendages

grasshopper - 3 ocelli medial to compound eyes

motion detectors

What is the name and function of the holes that run along the lateral surfaces of the abdomen in the grasshopper?

spiracles are opening on the bodies of insects that let them breathe\

trachae that are opening to the outside

grasshopper - gastric cecae

dump digestive enzymes into the stomach

grasshopper - hind gut

reabsorbs water and houses microbes required to digest cellulose

grasshopper - malpighian tubules

secrete nitrogenous waste into the hind gut for excretion

good landmark to tell the stomach and hind gut apart.

what are the malpighian tubules analogous to in humans?

kidney. both filter stuff and secrete waste

perch - lateral line

enables fish to detect temp and pressure changes

sense water currents

perch - oral cavity

where food is initially captured

perch - gill rakers

protecc the gill filaments (respiratory gas exchange) and filter/capture food particles passing over the gills

perch - esophagus

tube that transports food from pharynx to stomach

perch - stomach

store and digest food

consist of 2 regions: Cardiac region, pyloric region

cardiac: closes to esophagus, posterior to the mouth

pyloric: closets to intestine

perch - pyloric cecae

finger like projections extending btwn the stomach and intestine

what is the function of pyloric cecae?????

??? to increase the absorption space of the intestine???

secrete digestive enzymes and absorbing digested materials?????????

perch - intestine

extends from stomach to the anus, absorb nutrients from food, yellow fat around the intestine

perch - liver

metabolizes fats and carbs, produces bile that emulsifies fats and neutralizes acidic chyme in the intestine

perch - anus

feces is removed

what is the function of the opening that lies posterior to the anus?

idk bro you tell me?????????????