history HL topics

Economic instability- what caused it great depression

Overproduction, and unequal distribution of wealth contributed to economic vulnerabilities.

Stock market crash

The collapse of stock prices in 1929 triggered a chain reaction of economic downturns.

What are the causes of the great depression

global economy is bad, bank failures, stock market crash, lack regulationOverproduction and Underconsumption

Hoover Administration

Initially relied on voluntarism and limited government intervention, which proved ineffective in addressing the crisis. laizzez faire

New Deal

Implemented a series of aggressive government programs aimed at THREE Rs relief, recovery, and reform, including public works projects, financial regulations, and social welfare initiatives.

Conservative critics of the new deal

Argued that the New Deal expanded government intervention excessively and undermined free-market principles

Impact of the Great Depression on Latin America:

Political instability: Economic turmoil fueled political unrest, leading to the rise of authoritarian regimes and challenges to democratic governance.

Economic and social challenges: Decline in exports, falling commodity prices, and social upheaval intensified poverty and inequality.

Impact on women and minorities: great depression

Exacerbated existing inequalities, with women and minorities facing disproportionately high levels of unemployment and discrimination

Inter-American diplomacy

maintain peace and promote cooperation among American nations through organizations like the Organization of American States (OAS

Cooperation and Neutrality:The Second World War and the Americas (1933–1945) 

Many countries in the Americas initially pursued neutrality, seeking to avoid entanglement in the conflict.

Franklin D. Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy:

Emphasized non-intervention and cooperation with Latin American nations, aiming to improve diplomatic relations and economic ties.

United States:Involvement and Participation in the Second World War:

Initially neutral, but entered the war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941.

Impact on Women and Minorities:Social Impact of the Second World War: 

 Women entered the workforce in larger numbers to fill roles left by men serving in the military, leading to social and economic changes. Minorities faced discrimination in the military and in civilian life.

Japanese Americans: during world war 2

Forced relocation and internment in camps following Executive Order 9066, which authorized the incarceration of Japanese Americans during the war.

Reasons for and Significance of US Use of Atomic Weapons Against Japan:

Reasons: To hasten the end of the war and avoid the need for a costly invasion of Japan.

Significance: Marked the beginning of the nuclear age and influenced geopolitics and military strategy in the post-war era.

PoliticalUnited States’ Expansionist Foreign Policies:

Desire for territorial expansion and strategic dominance.

Economic:  Emergence of the Americas in global affairs (1880–1929) 

 Pursuit of new markets and resources for industrialization and economic growth.

Social: Emergence of the Americas in global affairs (1880–1929) 

United States’ Expansionist Foreign Policies:

Manifest Destiny ideology promoting American cultural and social values.

Ideological:Emergence of the Americas in global affairs (1880–1929) 

United States’ Expansionist Foreign Policies:

Belief in American exceptionalism and the spread of democracy.

Spanish–American War (1898): causes

Cuban struggle for independence, yellow journalism, and the explosion of the USS Maine.

 Emergence of the Americas in global affairs (1880–1929) effects

 United States gained territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, asserting itself as a global power.

Big Stick Policy

Assertive diplomacy backed by military power to secure American interests in the Western Hemisphere. roosevelt

Dollar Diplomacy

howard taft Use of economic leverage to influence Latin American governments and protect American investments.

Moral Diplomacy:

Promotion of democratic ideals and non-intervention, advocating for moral leadership in international relations. wilson

From Neutrality to Involvement:United States and the First World War:

 Initially neutral, but entered the war in 1917 due to German submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Telegram. german wanted to ally with mexico against the us

Reasons for US Entry for first world war

Protecting American interests, ensuring freedom of the seas, and promoting Wilson's vision of a world safe for democracy.