Fluids Quiz 1

Fluid Mechanics

-         Is a physical science dealing with the action of fluids at rest or in motion, and the interaction of fluids with solids or other fluids at the boundaries, and with applications and devices in engineering using fluids.

Mechanics

-         Is the oldest physical science that deals with both stationary and moving bodies under the influence of forces

·        Statics

·        Dynamics

Static Fluid

-         The fluid which is in state of rest

Fluid Statics

-         The study of static fluid which is the fluid in state of rest

Moving Fluid

-         The fluid which is in state of motion

Fluid Kinematics

-         The study of moving fluid without considering the effect of external pressures

Fluid Dynamics

-         Is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that focuses on the flow of liquids and gases

Hydrodynamics

-         Study of the motion of fluids that are practically incompressible (such as liquids, especially water, and gases at low speeds)

Hydraulics

-         A subcategory of hydrodynamics which  deals with liquid flows in pipes and open channels

Gas Dynamics

-         Deals with the flow of fluids that undergo significant density changes, such as the flow of gases through nozzles at high speeds.

Aerodynamics

-         Deals with the flow of gases (especially air) over bodies such as aircraft, rockets, and automobiles at high or low speeds

Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology

-         deal with naturally occurring flows.

Fluid

-         is a state of matter that yields to sideways or shearing forces

-         deforms continuously under the influence of shear stress, no matter how small

Liquid

-         takes the shape of the container it is in, and it forms a free surface

Gas

-         expands until it encounters the walls of the container and fills the entire available space

Shear Force

-         Tangential

-         Creates a velocity gradient

-         Resistance is caused by the fluid’s viscosity

-         Causes fluids to yield

Resistance

is caused by the fluid’s viscosity

Solid

i.                   Externally applied

ii.                 Resists through plastic or elastic behavior

iii.               Internal resistance comes from intermolecular bonding

Liquid

i.                   Externally applied

ii.                 Cannot resist and deform continuously

iii.               Internal transformation of shear is governed by viscosity

Shear Stress

-         Is the force per unit area applied parallel to the layers of a fluid that causes them to slide over one another

Shear rate

-         Measures how quickly layers of fluid slide past one another – it is a rate of deformation per unit time

Dimensions

-         It is the measure by which a physical variable is expressed quantitatively

-         Length, mass, time, temperature

Unit

-         Is a way to assign a number to that dimension

-         Meters, kilogram, seconds, Celsius

Dimensional Homogeneity

-         The dimensions of the left side of the equation must be the same as those on the right side and all additive separate terms must have the same dimension