Chapter 3 US history

Impressment

the act of forcibly recruiting individuals, especially sailors, into military or naval service without their consent.

Alien

not citizens, immigrants, foreigners

Sedition

Speech that leads to rebellion

Enumerated powers

specific powers granted to the federal government by the U.S. Constitution, primarily listed in Article I, Section 8. These powers include the ability to levy taxes, regulate commerce, coin money, and declare war.

Implied powers

governmental powers not explicitly listed in the Constitution but are considered necessary to carry out the federal government's enumerated powers.

Nullification

a legal theory asserting that a state can invalidate or refuse to enforce a federal law it deems unconstitutional

Necessary and Proper clause (elastic clause)

allows you to make implied powers so you can carry out the enumerated powers

Hamilton

federalists, Bank of US, strong federal government, wealthy

Jefferson

republicans, strong state rights, feared a strong central government, the government taking states debts, common man

War of 1812

Different sides for support, France vs Great Britain

Federalists

By the end of the War of 1812, the Federalists dissolved

National debt

over 70 mil to bondholders

Bond

a way of raising money

Hamilton's first National Bank

Be in charge of all federal transactions and taxes, issue and circulate currency (which would regulate smaller banks)

Hamilton's goal

to create confidence in the financial system with permanent debt and good credit.

Monetary growth

economic expansion

Credit card

Only debt would be paid in full before new debt would be acquired

Tariff Act

Tonnage Act

taxed ships per ton that came into port.

Louisiana Purchase

15 million for territory, 11.5 million for new territory; finish paying off debt for France; wanted to own Louisiana; Congress has a big debate; it is approved.

Context leading up to Louisiana Purchase

Bought from France; sent delegates to buy Louisiana; to expand territory; to keep France from becoming too powerful.

Success of Louis and Clark Expedition

Trade and trade houses with the Indians; maps of the NW territories; knew knowledge (species and plants); relationships with NA tribes.

What Jefferson wanted out of the expedition

Set up trade with the Indians; locate the NW passage; wanted farmers to expand, egalitarian economy.

Pinckney's Treaty

Allows the US to use the port of New Orleans; use the Mississippi river.

Jay's Treaty

Britain can keep seizing cargo ships, but they must remove their people from Western forts.

Quasi-War with France and XYZ Affair

France seized goods from US ships going to GB; caused the 'quasi-war'; the US sent people to negotiate with the French; however, the French wanted $250,000 and a $12 million loan before they would begin negotiations.

Quasi-war

Undeclared war.

Embargo Act of 1807

A law that prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports, aimed at protecting American interests during the Napoleonic Wars.

Napoleonic Wars

War against Napoleon, during Jefferson.

Whiskey Tax

Taxed Western corn products by 25%; put in place to demonstrate the Federal government's power.

Whiskey Rebellion

A revolt against the whiskey tax by farmers in the West.

Chesapeake ship attack

GB attacked the Chesapeake ship, which halted trade with Europe in response to the seizure of US cargo ships by France and GB.

Conflict with natives

Issues with trade and relationships with Native American tribes.

American interests during Napoleonic Wars

The US and France were allied, but the Napoleonic Wars had caused their relationship to be shaky.

Seizure of US cargo ships

American ships were seized by Britain and France because neither wanted US trading with the opposite nation.

Egalitarian economy

An economy where all individuals have equal rights and opportunities, which Jefferson wanted to promote.

Trade with Indians

Establishing economic relationships and commerce with Native American tribes.

Northwest Passage

A sea route through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America, sought by explorers.

Debt for France

The financial obligation that the US had to settle as part of the Louisiana Purchase.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Extended the number of years it takes for immigrants to become citizens from 5 years to 14 years.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

In response to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Interposition

States can impose a law in the case of the Federal government being unconstitutional.

Judiciary Act of 1789

Created 13 district courts; 3 appellate courts; 1 supreme court over all.

Election of 1800

Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr were elected in a tie.

12th Amendment

Electors cast separate ballots for the president and vice president.

Lame duck period

Time between the new and old president.

Marbury v Madison

Established an independent judiciary and the power of Judicial Review.

Judicial Review

Power of the Judicial Branch to rule acts by the other 2 branches as unconstitutional.

Impressment of American sailors

Increased tensions leading to the War of 1812.

Whiskey Tax and Rebellion

Highlighted the conflict between federal authority and local resistance.

Suppressed dissent

Led to the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions.

Peaceful transfer of power

Established a peaceful transfer of power between political parties.