Managing and Controlling Clinical Pain

Clinical Pain

Pain that receives ore requires professional care.

Acute Pain and Chronic Pain

What are the two things clinical pain could be?

humanitarian reasons, and medical and psychosocial benefits

What are the three significances of relieving pain?

acute pain

This type of clinical pain has little survival value

45 to 74

this classifies as moderate pain

75 to 100

this classifies as severe pain

one-third

reducing the pain by _ suggests a change that is meaningful for the patient

10.4% 

overall prevalence of chronic pain in the philippines

3.4%

new annual incidence of chronic pain

knees, back, and lower back

what are the common chronic pain locations in the philippines?

7.9%

migraine prevalence in the philippines

17.3%

prevalence of Headache Disorders in the philippines

tension-type headache

this type of headache has the highest prevalence in southeast asia

>55%

moderate to severe migrained in _ leads to significant disability and productivity loss at work

chronic pain

patients tend to perceive the nature of this pain differently

consulting quacks

patients with chronic pain experiencing increased helplessness and despair can lead them to _

helplessness, depression

Patients with chronic pain can develop feelings of _ and psychological disorders such as

neurotic triad, hypochondriasis, depression, and hysteria

what is the dominant aspect of the personality of patients with chronic pain? what are its inclusions?

vigorous twig

In western culture, pain is treated by piercing the affected area of the body with a _, believing that it would absorb the pain

alcoholic beverages, opium, ether

In 1900s, —- and medicines laced with —- are used to alleviate pain, as anesthetics for surgery before —- was introduced

folk medicine

In the Philippines, they utilize —— or traditional health knowledge and healing practices anchored on indigenous beliefs

orasyon o bulong

mystical prayers

himulso

pulse checking

pagtatawas

diagnostic ritual using candle wax dropped in a basin of water

pasubay

determining the cause of sickness and possible treatment

pangalap

searching of medicinal plants

tahyop

gentle blowing

tutho

saliva blowing

hilot

traditional massage

tapal

applying folk medicine on the affexted area

pangontra o kontra-usog

amulet to prevent diseases

anting-anting o pampaswerte

lucky charm

sorcery

barang

chemically and surgically

What are the two ways that physicians use now to reduce pain?

Turk and Winters, acute pain

According to —- and —-, treating clinical pain with surgical methods is a relatively radical approach and is likely to be more effective for —- pain.

peripheral nervous system, spinal cord

Surgery that removes or disconnects portions of the —- or —- prevent pain signals from reaching the brain

extreme surgical procedures, numbness and paralysis

These types of surgical procedure seldom provide long-term relief and often have side effects such as —- and —-

NOTE: other surgical procedures that do not remove or disconnect nerve fibers are much more successful

synovectomy

this surgery removes inflamed membranes in arthritic joints

spinal fusion

this surgical procedure joins two or more adjacent vertebrae to treat severe back pain.

US, Denmark and England

surgery in treating back pain is often used in the —- while nonsurgical methods are used in—- and —-

chronic skeletal pain conditions

surgery for these conditions is most appropriate when the person is severely disabled and nonsurgical treatment methods have failed

NOTE: the field of medicine has focused much more on developing methods for curing disease than on reducing pain.

pain relieving chemicals

These are the most common medical approaches for treating pain.

peripherally active analgesic

this pain relieving chemical acts on the PNS by inhibiting neurochemicals that sensitize nociceptors to algogenic substances released at the site of tissue damage

acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

what are the two types of peripherally active analgesics?

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

this type of peripherally active analgesic reduce inflammation and relieve joint pain and stiffness

aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen

what are the three types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug?

centrally acting analgesic

this type of pain relieving chemical bind to opiate receptors in the CNS, inhibiting nociceptor transmission or altering perception of pain stimuli