Ind/Fam Development. EXAM 2: toddler, preschool, school-age, adolescent

material from: puzzles and the last slides from powerpoint

Meaning of pre-operational thought according to Piaget

pre-reason

Basic virtue for the toddler

self-control

Major crisis of toddlerhood

control

Attributing life to inanimate objects

animism

Stage of "superficial adjustment" in separation anxiety

detachment

Stage of separation anxiety where the child clings to parent, may kick, bite & hit parent, and tries to force the parent to stay with them

protest

Facilitates self control promotion in the toddler

parental guidance, limit setting

Sullivan's radius of significant relationships for the toddler

parents

Interruption of toddler's routine causes this

stress, anxiety, fear

Toddler characteristic

self-centered, possessive, negativistic, demanding

Developmental task of toddlerhood

physiological-equilibrium, control impulses, enculturation, tolerate separation, differentiate self

Shame and anger directed against oneself

guilt

Predominate type of thinking for the toddler and preschooler

magical

Toddler's favorite word

no

Meaning of the term "operational"

reasoning

A common fear during toddlerhood

separation

Cognitive process which is finalized by the middle of the second year

object permanence

Ability to withstand delayed gratification is central to this psychosocial task

autonomy

Toddler fear

separation

Fear, mistrust, lack of self confidence, and a feeling that one is not in control but is being controlled by others

doubt

Feeling of embarrassment, dirtiness, smallness, and wanting to hide

shame

Basic virtue for the toddler

willpower

Stage of separation anxiety where the child is passive, appears depressed, and exhibits regressive behavior

despair

Toddler characteristic illustrating "its all about me"

egocentric

Leading cause of death in children from 1-5 years

motor vehicle accidents

Health problem for toddlers

abuse, accidents, poisonings

Major cause of injury for toddlers

burns

Toddler behavior leading to many accidents

curiosity, climbing

Nutritional deficiency often found in toddlers drinking too much milk

iron

Age (in years) at which a child should first see a dentist

two

Reverting to a previous development stage of behavior

regression

Common health problem for toddlers with increased likelihood when child takes a bottle of milk or juice to bed

otitis media, aspiration, dental caries

A cause of accidental death for toddlers

drowning

Health problem for toddlers secondary to inadequate protein intake

anemia

An intervention which is beneficial for handling unacceptable behaviors of the toddler

distraction

Primary dentition is complete by this age

three years

Average age range, in years, for daytime bladder control

two-three

Should limit this to 24-32 ounces per day for the toddler

milk

A type of poisoning common in toddlers

lead

Substance found in treated water & toothpaste which promotes tooth health

fluoride

Age (in months) at which the anterior fontanel closes

eighteen

Average number of hours of sleep needed by a toddler

twelve

Type of toddler play where the child plays beside others but not with others

parallel

Recommended amount of milk (ounces per day)

sixteen

Type of play where the child does "make-believe" play in exchange for what is forbidden in reality

compensatory

Average age range, in years, for nighttime bladder contril

three-four

Another word for "baby teeth"

deciduous

infections common for toddlers

upper respiratory

Type of reasoning where the child reasons from the "particular to the particular"

transductive

A developmental task is referred to as this

required responsibility

Activity that facilitates initiative achievement

problem solving experiences

experimental play

Contributes to guilt development in the preschooler

fantasy restriction, sibling rivalry

Freud's psychosexual stages for preschool

genital

According to Piaget, operation means this

reason

Preschoolers believe this holds them together

skin

Development of this begins during the preschool period of development

conscience

A major developmental task for the preschooler

sex role identification

Failure of initiative development, according to Erikson's theory of development

guilt

Characteristic when super ego development results in child feeling responsible for things they should not feel responsible for

guilt, harsh punitive, desirable

The type of thinking for the preschooler according to Piaget

egocentric

In relation to the Oedipal/Electra Complex, the age (in years) when the child exhibits secondary sex role identification

five

initiative development requires this for successful achievement

acceptable limits, self expression

Behavior expressed by the child, toward the parent of the opposite sex, during primary sex role identification

possessiveness, competitiveness

Tension between expectations/demands and actual performances for the preschooler causes this

guilt development

Preschoolers want this to help "hold their insides together"

band-aid

Basic virtue for the preschooler

direction, purpose

Behavior expressed by the child, toward the parent of the opposite sex, during secondary sex role identification

imitating

In primary sex role identification, the child identifies with this parent

opposite sex

The meaning of Piaget's cognitive pre-operational stage

pre-reason

A developmental task is best achieved during this period

critical

In relation to the Oedipal/Electra Complex, the age (in years) when the child exhibits primary sex role identification

four

Type of thinking characteristic of the preschooler

magical

Characteristic which comes out of successful initiative development during preschool

inner control

Preschooler fear

loss of control, body integrity, punishment, abandonment, separation

"If ice is cold ten fire is hot" is an example of this

opposite analogy

Range of hours of sleep needed by the preschooler

9-12 hours

A type of dream which his very frightening for the child

night terrors

Kohlberg's moral judgement stage for the preschool child

preconventioal

Helps preschooler deal with "monsters and bogeyman"

nightlight

A preschooler can draw this shape

circle

Types of games enjoyed by the preschooler

interactive

Parents should be encouraged to avoid this parenting behavior

overprotection

Primary type of play for the preschooler. Sometimes referred to as "associative play"

cooperative

Type of commands a preschool will follow

directional

Parent style that is demanding, gives reasons for rules, and encourages independence

authoratative

Parents style that lacks ability to set limits, direct behavior and is often frustrated with themselves and child's behavior

intimidated

Parent style that is unsolved in overall upbringing, has low, demands for the child, and may be rejecting

neglectful

Sullivan's radius of significant relationships for the preschooler

basic family

Common type of playmate for the preschooler

imaginary

Behavior common in play during the preschool period, especially for boys

aggressiveness

Imaginary companions helo with this for preschoolers

lonliness

Parent style that is demanding, expects instant obedience and uses physical punishment to gain compliance

authoritarian

Possible speech pattern during preschool (also called stuttering)

dysfluency

Parent style that rarely makes demands, it's indulgent and encourages child to express feelings

permissive

Preschool coping mechanism

projection

Preschool coping mechanism, often in response to fears, anxiety, and stress

regression

Accident occurring during the preschool years

drowning, burns

Anxiety dreams which are the most common caus of night wakening for the preschooler

nightmares

Appropriate intervention to determine prescchool readiness

screening