Spinal Cord, Peripheral, and Autonomic Nervous Systems

All of the following are true of muscle spindles, except that they

are found in tendons.

The ________ nerve, which arises in the cervical plexus, innervates the diaphragm.

phrenic

Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false?

Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long

During sympathetic activation, ___________ occurs.

all of the above

Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers, except

decreased heart rate.

The statement It sends its preganglionic axons into the ventral roots. is

c) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

The statement there is always a synapse in a peripheral ganglion between the CNS and the effector organ is

true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

Nerves between the sympathetic chain ganglia and the collateral ganglia are called ________.

splanchnic nerves

The eight pairs of cervical nerves are classified as:

spinal nerves

The _____________ reflex complements the flexor withdrawal reflex by activating contralateral muscles.

crossed extensor

Cranial and spinal nerves are capable of transmitting:

sensory, motor, and autonomic information

A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a(n) ________ neuron.

preganglionic

Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the

lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord

Almost 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the

vagus nerve

The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state(s)?

digestion

Which of the following is not true about a positive Babinski reflex?

causes you to close your eyes when you sneeze

As the ________ nerve approaches the knee, it divides into two branches, the common fibular nerve and the tibial nerve.

sciatic

A decrease in the autonomic tone of the smooth muscle in a blood vessel would result in

both an increase in vessel diameter and an increase in blood flow through the vessel

The stimulation of adrenergic receptors can lead to

all of the above

Which of the following reflexes functions to prevent injury to tendons and muscle fibers?

Golgi tendon

In which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise?

brachial

Spinal nerves are

both sensory and motor

The statement "Its ganglia are usually near or within the end organ" is:

true only for the parasympathetic nervous system

Stimulation of the beta receptors on heart muscle cells results in

all of the above

In which of the following would the delay between stimulus and response be greater?

a polysynaptic reflex

Autonomic motor neurons

conduct impulses to smooth and cardiac muscles and glands

The stretch reflex

is important in regulating muscle length

The parasympathetic nervous system functions to:

conserve energy but facilitate digestion

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following?

thoracolumbar division

All of the following are true of reflexes, except that they

cannot be modified by the brain.

In general, parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________.

long; short

The statement "Preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine" is:

true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

Which of the following would lead to increased heart rate?

both increased sympathetic input and decreased parasympathetic input

Each spinal nerve provides ________ innervation to peripheral structures

motor AND sensory

In the condition ________, a virus infects dorsal root ganglia, causing a painful rash whose distribution corresponds to that of the affected sensory nerves as seen in their dermatomes

shingles

The statement "Its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter" is:

true only for the parasympathetic nervous system

The ________ division of the ANS is known as the rest and digest division

parasympathetic

Facial

expression; sensory for gustation in anterior 2/3 of tongue

Optic

vision

Phrenic

sensory and motor to diaphragm motor to muscle of facial

Vagus

motor and sensory to visceral organs

Drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful for treating

excessive heart rate.

Spinal nerves from the sacral region of the cord innervate the ________ muscles.

leg

The brachial plexus gives rise to all of the following nerves, except the

phrenic

The obturator nerve is distributed to the

adductors of the hip

The complex, interwoven network formed by contributions from the neighboring spinal nerves is termed a

plexus

Postganglionic neurons usually synapse with preganglionic neurons in the ________ and have axons that innervate ________.

autonomic ganglia; visceral effectors

Fibers of the autonomic nervous system:

are distributed to the smooth muscles and glands throughout the body

A dorsal and ventral root of each spinal segment unite to form a

spinal nerve

The flexor withdrawal reflex

moves a limb away from a painful stimulus

Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in

both the brain stem and the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.

The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains

axons of motor neurons.

An interlacing of nerves is known as a

plexus

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed

sensory input would be blocked.

Which neurotransmitter is released by the preganglionic sympathetic neuron?

acetylcholine

Which of these provides parasympathetic innervation to structures in the neck and in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

vagus nerves

The dorsal root ganglia mainly contain

cell bodies of sensory neurons.

Craniosacral division is another name for the

parasympathetic division of the ANS.

The reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is the ________ reflex.

Golgi tendon

A reflex arc always contains:

afferent and efferent components

Beta-adrenergic receptors always have an inhibitory effect.

False

A drug decreases heart rate by blocking a receptor on cardiac pacemaker cells. This drug probably binds to ________ receptors

beta adrenergic

Ganglionic (postganglionic) neurons innervate such things as

all of the above

In general, sympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________.

short; long

Parasympathetic blocking agents can be useful in treating

urinary incontinence.

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called ________ ganglia

collateral

Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the

lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.

An interlacing of nerves is known as a:

plexus

The ________ division of the ANS is known as the rest and digest division.

parasympathetic

Craniosacral division is another name for the

parasympathetic division of the ANS.

The stimulation of adrenergic receptors can lead to

all of the above

Nerves between the sympathetic chain ganglia and the collateral ganglia are called ________.

splanchnic nerves

The statement It sends its preganglionic axons into the ventral roots. is

true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

Postganglionic neurons usually synapse with preganglionic neurons in the ________ and have axons that innervate ________

autonomic ganglia; visceral effectors

Almost 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the

vagus nerves.

The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state(s)?

digestion

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed,

sensory input would be blocked

Each spinal nerve provides ________ innervation to peripheral structures.

motor AND sensory

The ________ nerve, which arises in the cervical plexus, innervates the diaphragm.

phrenic

Beta-adrenergic receptors always have an inhibitory effect.

False

The obturator nerve is distributed to the

adductors of the hip

The statement there is always a synapse in a peripheral ganglion between the CNS and the effector organ is

true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

Which of the following would lead to increased heart rate?

both increased sympathetic input and decreased parasympathetic input

Which region of the spinal cord
has more spinal nerve pairs than the
corresponding number of vertebrae?

Cervical

What part of the spinal cord
contains the cell bodies of the sympathetic
preganglionic neurons?

Lateral gray horn

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is
severed

sensory input would be blocked

Which of these forms a
boundary for both the subarachnoid space
and the subdural space?

Arachnoid mater

If a person has a crush injury to
the C3-C5 spinal segments, you would
expect that he

might be unable to breathe on his
own

Which part of the brain has
primary responsibility for regulating both
sympathetic and parasympathetic
functions?

Hypothalamus

Which of the following symptoms
would you associate with damage to the
accessory nerve

Weakness of the sternocleidomastoid

The statement "its ganglia are usually
near or within the effector organ" is

true only for the parasympathetic
nervous system

Which of the following is the
cranial nerve that carries most
parasympathetic axons?

Vagus

Which neurotransmitter is
released at the sympathetic nerve trunk
ganglia?

Acetylcholine

Which region of the spinal cord
does NOT contribute in a major way to any
of the plexuses?

Thoracic

Which plexus gives rise to the
nerves that supply the diaphragm?

Cervical

From which part of the spinal
cord does the largest nerve in the body
originate?

Sacral

The obturator nerve is
distributed to the

Adductors of the hip

Which of the following nerves
does NOT supply part of the hand and
fingers?

Axillary nerve

A visceral motor neuron whose
cell body is within the CNS is called a(n)

Preganglionic neuron

Which of these is NOT a
sympathetic effect?

Constriction of respiratory tract