Science Flashcards

Vertebrates

Animals with a backbone (e.g., mammals, birds, fish)

Invertebrates

Animals without a backbone (e.g., insects, jellyfish, worms)

Mammals

Warm‑blooded vertebrates with hair/fur; live births; mammary glands

Birds

Vertebrates with feathers, beaks, and wings; lay eggs

Fish

Aquatic vertebrates with gills and scales

Amphibians

Vertebrates that live in water and on land; have moist skin

Reptiles

Cold‑blooded vertebrates with dry, scaly skin; usually lay eggs

Insects

Invertebrates with six legs and antennae

Arachnids

Invertebrates with eight legs and no antennae (e.g., spiders)

Importance of Animals

Support food chains, pollination, and ecosystems; provide resources and companionship

Ways to Protect Animals

Prevent habitat loss, stop illegal hunting, support conservation programs

Vascular Plants

Plants with specialized tissues (xylem/phloem) to transport water and nutrients

Nonvascular Plants

Plants without transport tissues; absorb water directly (e.g., mosses)

Flowering Plants

Plants that produce flowers and seeds enclosed in fruits

Non‑flowering Plants

Plants that reproduce via spores or cones (e.g., ferns, pines)

Importance of Plants

Produce oxygen, food, medicine, and habitat; stabilize ecosystems

Plant Propagation Methods

Seeds, cuttings, grafting, and budding

Tropical Rainforest Interactions

Complex web of plants, animals, sunlight, water, and soil creating high biodiversity

Rainforest Conservation

Protect by preventing deforestation, supporting reforestation, and raising awareness

Coral Reef & Mangrove Interactions

Marine animals depend on coral and mangrove roots for food, shelter, and breeding grounds

Coral & Mangrove Protection

Reduce pollution, prevent overfishing, and support habitat restoration