Lecture 9: Pain and Motor Control

Movements are the

Contractions of Muscles

A reflex is the simplest of movements, being a

Brief, unlearned muscl activation
(eyeblink, hiccup, finger twitch)

Acts, or action patterns are

Complex, sequential movements
(Honking your car horn, or writing your name)

A motor plan, or motor program, is a set of?

Muscle commands established before the action occurs

Open loop controls are

Fast, pre-programmed movements with no feedback

Ballistic Movements are

Rapid movements, completed no matter what sensory feedback occurs

Ballistic is an?

Open-loop

Closed-Loop control are

Slower, feedback-guided movements for accuracy

Ramp (smooth) movements are

Slow, sustained adjusting movements continuously guided by feedback

Comeback to work on Slide 6

What connects muscle to bones?

Tendons

What connects bone to bone?

ligaments

Antagonist muscles are opposite actions, meaning

When one contracts, the other extends

Synergist muscles are muscles that work together to

Produce the same movement or assist prime mover

Bicep Flex, Triceps Extend, What are these?

These are Antagonists

At rest, flexor and extensor muscles are balanced, but what is a Temor?

A Tremor is alternation of Flexor-Extensor contraction, being an involuntary osscilation

A muscle is composed of muscle fibers, with each fiber containing?

Two kinds of regularly arranged, overlapping filaments being
Actin (5 nm diameter) Thin filament

Myosin (10 nm diameter) Thick filament
(Together nown as Myofilament)

Contractions will cause what to happen?

Shorten the Fiber Length

What is the Structural appearance of a Striated (Skeletal) Muscle bas Unstriated (Smooth) Muscles

Skeletal: Striped or Striated due to Sarcomere orginization
Smooth: Lack the clear stripes

Skeletal vs Involuntary in Control?

Skeletal is Voluntary Control by Somatic, Smooth is Involuntary Control by autonomic

Where is Skeletal and Smooth located?

Skeletal is mostly attached to bones, while Smooth is in walls of internal organs, blood vessels, and various systems

Skeletal vs Smooth with a Multi-nucleated Cells

Skeletal is Multi-nucleated, while Smooth is single nucleus

Skeletal vs Smooth in Contraction Speed

Skeletal contracts quickly, for rapid movements
Smooth contracts more slowly, for sustained, rhythmic activity

What is the Fatigue Resistance between Skeletal and Smooth?

Skeletal has Fatigue resistance with endurance, good in trained people
Smooth is designed for endurance without rapid fatigue

Striated Muscles have two different fibers being the? (Hint: Think of speed)

Slow-twitch: Contract slowly but resist fatigue. First to be recruited
Fast-twitch: Contract rapidly but fatigue easily. Last to be recruited