psych1010: memory

elaboration

making information more meaningful through connecting 2+ other infromation
mnemonic
xpressive writing
saying out loud
making a story with the info needed to be rmeembered

what is a better method than verbal labels?

imagery

What is the 3 functions of memory?

Encoding
Storage
Retrieval

encoding

transformation of thoughts, feelings, and perceptions into enduring memory

storage

maintaining info over time

retrieval

to bring previously learned info into mind

what is a fault of retrieval?

confirmation bias: noticing previous learned information that agrees with previous stored knowledg

3 stages of Memory and its time frames

Sensory: fraction of a sec-sev seconds
Short term: up to 30 seconds
Long-term: up to a life time

3 levels of processing

Shallow, medium, deep

how can we improve short-term memory?

Chunking and Rehearsal
chunking: grouping information to make retaining easier
rehearsal: active repition of info

working memory

short-term memory and attention
temporarily holding info as we perform cognitive tasks “workbench”

Long-term memory

virtually unlimited

what is the systems of long-term memory?

Implicit: how
explicit: usually factual

implicit

procedural memory, classical conditioning, and priming

explicit

specific facts, events, and in humans, info that can be verbally communicated
episodic memo
semantic memory
“who, what, where, when, why”

episodic memory

how we remember life episodes, autobiographical

semantic memory

knowledge of the world, meanings of words,

independant of an individuals personal identity w the past: you can recall a fact but not remember where you learned it

procedural memory

memory for skills(typing without looking at the keyboard)

classical conditioning

automatic learning of assoc. between stimuli

priming

activating an association in memory just before another stim is introduced

schema

preexisting mental concept that helps organize and interpret info

ex: schemas for spatial layouts (most walmarts are organized the same, so you know where to go regardless of the location)

Connectionism or Parallel distributed processing theory

theory that memory is stored throughout the brain in connections among neurons. sev may work together to process a single memory

connectionist views

memories are electrical impulses, only to the extent neurons, activitiy, and connections among them are organized

what memory is the frontal lobe associated with

episodic memory

Amygdala is associated with what memory

emotional memories

temporal lobes is assoc w what memories

explicit, priming

hippocampus is associated with which memories

explicit and priming

cerebellum is associated with what memory

implicit

script

schema for an event (ex: going to the dentist)