Patho W 5 (Micah's)

Endocrine System

A system of glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A hormone produced by the hypothalamus that helps to regulate water balance in the body by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Cortisol

A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that helps regulate metabolism and the body's response to stress.

Hypothyroidism

A condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to a slowed metabolism.

Hyperthyroidism

A condition characterized by excessive production of thyroid hormones, resulting in increased metabolism.

Goiter

An enlargement of the thyroid gland, which can occur in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone (TRH)

A hormone released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4 hormones.

Addison's Disease

A disorder resulting from insufficient production of adrenocortical hormones, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure.

Cushing's Syndrome

A condition resulting from excessive cortisol levels in the blood, often presenting with weight gain, high blood pressure, and mood changes.

Diabetes Insipidus

A condition characterized by excessive urination and thirst due to insufficient levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

A condition where excessive ADH leads to water retention and dilution of blood sodium levels.

Hypoparathyroidism

A condition where the parathyroid glands produce insufficient parathyroid hormone, resulting in low calcium levels.

Chvostek's Sign

A clinical sign of hypocalcemia where tapping on the facial nerve causes twitching of the facial muscles.

Trousseau's Sign

A clinical sign of hypocalcemia indicated by muscle spasm of the hand or wrist when a blood pressure cuff is applied.

Glucose Metabolism

The process by which the body breaks down glucose to produce energy; regulated by insulin and other hormones.

Thyroxine (T4)

One of the primary hormones produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism.

Triiodothyronine (T3)

A more active thyroid hormone involved in regulating metabolism, formed from the conversion of T4.

Aldosterone

A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium levels and blood pressure.