Scope to bacteriology

Commensals (normal flora)

Non disease producing

L. Casei

Motility in stomach

L. Acidophilus

Acidity of vaginal tract

Pathogens

Disease producing

Opportunistic pathogens

Does not cause harm but can cause disease due to low resistance

Candida albicans

Oral and genital infection

Staphylococcus aureus

Normal flora on skin

Crystal violet

v in vias means

Iodine

I in vias means

Alcohol

A in vias means

Safranin

S in vias means

Cell wall

Outer layer

Cytoplasm

Semifluid substance

Nucleus

Control center of cell

Ribosomes

Assembly of protein

Lysosomes

Hydrolytic enzymes

Water to Breakdown substances

Mitochondria

Serves as a covering

Powerhouse of the cell

Tuberculosis

Affects lungs

Spread through airway

Smallpox

Variola

Rabies

Saliva of infected animals

Transmitted through bite

Measles

Koplik spot

Acute viral illness

Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis

Edward jenner

Vaccine for smallpox

Sterilization

Total elimination of infection

Disinfection

Partial elimination

Stool

Material in bowel movement

Feces

Sputum

Mixture of saliva and mucus

Staining

Process of artificial coloring

Simple staining

One dye

Differential staining

More than 1 dye

risk group 1

unlikely to cause disease

low

non-pathogenic

risk group 2

cause disease

vaccine and prevention

moderate low

not a serious hazard

risk group 3

cause serious disease

high low

does not spread

risk group 4

emerging infection

high

death

readily transmitted

prokaryotic

primitive nucleus

has dna in nucleoid

bacteria and archaea

no nuclear membrane

eukaryotic

has a nucleus where dna is contained

larger

acellular

viruses

cell membrane

phospholipid bilayer

carbohydrate and proteins

semipermeable

centrioles

separation and movement of chromosomes

pericentriolar materials

nucleolus

free containing organelle

contains fibrils and granules

endoplasmic reticulum

forms an interconnected network of sacs

golgi bodies

works with endoplasmic reticulum

passive transport

movement of ions

high to low

no energy

active transport

requires energy

uses ATP for transport

schistomiasis

aka bilharzia

caused by parasitic worm

dracunculiasis

guinea worm disease

spread by drinking contaminated water with guinea worm larvae

anthrax

occurs in soil

affects animals

caused by gram positive

dysentery

infection of intestines

botulism

toxin that attacks the nerves

thyphoid fever

salmonella typhi

diptheria

strains of bacteria

syphilis

transmitted through sexual contact

antonie phillips van leeuwenhoek

father of microscopy and microbiology

discovered red blood cells

louis pasteur

produced fermentation products

carbohydrate fermentation test

anaerobic composition

IMViC test

indole, methyl red, vagues-proskauer, citrate

catalase test

differentiate two organism

urease test

hydrolyses urea into ammonia

oxidase test

test for neisseria

phenylalanine deaminase test

presence of PAD

lysine decarboxylase test

attacks amino acid lysine for cadaverine

coagulase test

identify pathogenicity of aureus

robert koch

anthrax bacillus

director of infectious disease

joseph lister

aseptic surgery

paul erlich

drug for treatment of syphilis

alexander fleming

penicilin antibiotic

hans and zacharias johanssen

discovered microscope

father and son team

lag phase

phase of rejuvenation

adjustment period

no muliplication

log phase

logarithmic/exponential/growth phase

rapid increase

metabolic active phase

plateau/stationary phase

stage of equilibrium

unbalance growth

death/decline phase

non viable exceed number

rapid decrease

complete cessation of multiplication

binary fission

asexual form

cell continues to grow

no gametes

transfer of genetic material

transduction, conjugation, transformation

spores

hold dna and enzyme for germination

resistant to environment stress

urine

formed by kidney

body metabolism have been reabsorbed

refrigeration for 24 hrs

stool and sputum

refrigerate for 2-3hrs

CSF

clear colorless fluid

cushion brain

incubate for 12hrs or 1 hr at a room temp

viral culture

freeze at -70c

ziehl-nielssen

uses steaming

kinyoun’s

cold stain

pappenheim’s method

differentiate lacticola from tuberculosis

baumgarten

differetiate leprae from tuberculosis