politcs exam 2

ethincty

culutal group, socical imstitution that makes a group of people culurally differnt

nationilism

pride in ones people, leads to patrosim

politcs

societal change, struggle, interactive, gain powers, establish instsitions. Struggle in any group for power that will give a person or people the abilty to make decsions for the larger group 

politcal attitudes

Rate Of Change- approptiate event of change in goverment and for what purpose, radical, liberal, conservative, reationary

soverngity

ability to carry out actions indepndaitlly of internal and external callengers 

legitmacy

power without force, tradtionl, carsmatic, ration-legal

SMDP (Single-Member District Plurality)

ne representative per district; whoever gets the most votes wins (like U.S. elections for Congress).

Proportional Representation

Parties get seats based on the percentage of votes they win (used in many European countries).

Veto Players

People or groups who can block a law (like the President or Supreme Court).

Prime Minister

Leader of the government in a parliamentary system (like in the UK).

Presidential System

A system where the President is separate from the legislature and is both head of state and head of government (like in the U.S.).

Democracy

Government by the people, through free and fair elections.

The State

The organization that holds power over a country (includes government, police, courts, etc.).

Sovereignty

The highest authority over a territory; the power to make final decisions.

Legitimacy

When people accept and trust the government’s right to rule.

State Capacity

The ability of the state to do things (collect taxes, enforce laws, protect citizens).

State Autonomy

ow independent the state is from outside groups or political pressure.

Central Banks

National banks that control money and interest rates (like the U.S. Federal Reserve).

markets

Places (real or virtual) where buyers and sellers exchange goods or services

Party Systems

– How political parties are organized and compete (like two-party or multi-party systems).

Head of Government

The person who runs the government and makes policy (U.S. President or UK Prime Minister).

Head of State

The symbolic leader of the country (President or Monarch).

Acts

Laws passed by the legislature.

Federalism

Power is shared between national and state governments (like in the U.S.).

European Union (EU

A group of European countries that cooperate on laws, trade, and policies.

Devolution

When the central government gives power to local or regional governments.