Energy Systems and Exercise Physiology

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture on energy systems and exercise physiology, designed to help with exam preparation.

Energy System

Provides energy during rest and exercise, consisting of enzymes and energy sources within cells.

Metabolism

The set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

The universal energy supplier for muscular contraction and movement.

Glycolysis

The breakdown of glucose by enzymes that produces ATP and pyruvate.

Anaerobic

A process that occurs without oxygen, such as immediate energy production from ATP.

Creatine Phosphate (PCr)

Stored in muscle, it breaks down to provide energy to reassemble ATP from ADP.

Lactate

A byproduct of glycolysis that serves as an energy source for various tissues.

Krebs Cycle

An aerobic process that yields 4 ATP per glucose molecule.

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

An aerobic process occurring in mitochondria that yields 32 ATP per glucose.

Glycogenolysis

The process of converting glycogen to glucose, especially during exercise.

Long-term energy

Refers to energy produced through aerobic processes like oxidizing fats.

Beta Oxidation

The metabolic process for fatty acids that provides a high yield of ATP.

Immediate Energy

Energy that is stored in muscle and readily available for use without requiring oxygen.

Fast Energy Systems

Energy pathways that produce few ATP quickly without the use of oxygen.

Slow Energy Systems

Energy pathways that use oxygen and produce a larger amount of ATP.

Lactate Shuttle

Transfer of lactate produced by fast-twitch fibers to slow-twitch fibers or organs for fuel.

Phosphocreatine (PC)

A source of immediate energy that reassembles ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Muscle Glycogen

Stored glucose in muscle that serves as a key energy source during exercise.

Endurance Performance

Performance in prolonged athletic activities influenced by energy system utilization.

High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)

A training method that can enhance mitochondrial content in muscles.

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)

Muscle pain not caused directly by lactic acid but by other mechanisms post-exercise.