Methanogens
Archaea producing methane as waste
Halophiles
Salt-loving archaea
Thermoacidophiles
Heat and acid loving archaea
Cocci
Round-shaped bacteria
Baccili
Rod-shaped bacteria
Spirilli
Spiral-shaped bacteria
Diplo
Bacteria cells arranged in pairs
Straphylo
Bacteria cells arranged in clusters
Strepto
Bacteria arranged in a chain
Gram-positive
Thick protein layer on the cell wall
Gram-negative
Thin protein layer on the cell wall
Photosynthetic
Bacteria use light for their energy source
Chemosynthetic
Bacteria use inorganic molecules for their energy source
Binary fission
Asexual type of bacteria cell reproduction
Conjugation
âSexual-likeâ reproduction of bacteria where one cell gives its DNA to another cell to then undergo binary fission
Endospore
Outer covering over bacteriaâs DNA which withstands harsh conditions, able to lose its coat to grow and divide later
Pili
Bridge-like structures connecting bacteria for conjugation
Protists
Unicellular, but eukaryotic
Protozoa
animal-like protists
Algae
plant-like protists
Slime/water moulds
fungus-like protists
Sarcodines
Also called amoebas, move and engulf prey with cytoplasm
Pseudopodia
âfake feetâ created by amoeba cytoplasm
Ciliates
Covered by cilia, sweep food particles into oral groove
Flagellates
Have flagella that whip from side to side to move the organism
Sporozans
Small contractions allow for gliding motion, all are parasites
Malaria
Caused by protist Plasmodium vivax, infected via mosquito bites, reproduces in the blood stream and liver
Plasmodial slime moulds
Look like tiny slugs that creep over damp areas, feed like amoebas, engulfing their prey
Cellular slime moulds
Form a pseudoplasmodium, release spores for unfavourable conditions
Water moulds
Live on dead organic matter
Diatoms
Protists with rigid cell walls with an outer layer of silica (tougher than glass)
Dinoflagellates
Photosynthetic protists with 2 flagellae, produce toxins to kill fish or humans
Euglenoids
Small with 2 flagellae; one usually much longer than the other
Chlorophyll
Found in both green algae and kingdom plantae, helps with photosynthesis
Cellulose
Found in cell walls of both green algae and kingdom plantae
Vascular tissue
Xylem and phloem carry nutrients throughout the plant
Gametes
A male or female cell that comes together to make the zygote/embryo
Bryophytes
No vascular system (ex. mosses)
Ferns
Vascular plants with gametes and fronds
Gymnosperms
Conifers, ânakedâ seeds, vascular system
Angiosperms
All flowering plants, vascular system, produces seeds, has leaves
Chitin
Found in the cell walls of fungi
Mycelium
Underground mushroom âroot systemâ
Hyphae
The various sections that make up mycelium
Fruiting body
The part of a fungus that is seen above ground
Fungal spores
Thick outer covering dispersed by wind used for both sexual and asexual fungal reproduction
Budding
New organism grows from the body of the fungus and detaches
Chytridiomycota
Water mould fungus which can be parasitic, causing skin disease
Zygomycota
Mostly mulitcellular fungus, make up common moulds such as bread mould
Sac Fungi
Used for food, fermentation etc, for example yeast and truffles
Club Fungi
Mushrooms and puffballs, can be poisonous
Imperfect fungi
Parasitic fungi that can look like a sac, others a club, ex: athleteâs foot or yeast infection
Ascomycota
Other word for sac fungi
Basidiomycota
Other word for club fungi
Vertebrates
Animals with a backbone
Invertebrates
Animals without a backbone
Ectoderm
Outer layer of cells, producing skin, nerve tissue, etc
Mesoderm
Middle layer of cells, producing lungs, liver, pancreas, etc
Endoderm
Inner layer of cells, producing muscles, blood, kidneys, etc
Radial symmetry
Animals that attach to one spot and have their bodies organized equally aroud a vertical axis
Bilateral symmetry
Animals that can be cut into 2 equal mirror-image halves on one vertical plane
Coelom
Internal fluid-filled body cavity; provides rigidity and support
Coelomate
Animals with a body cavity
Acoelomate
Animals without a body cavity
Sessile
Animals stationary as adults
Class pisces
Class including fish, sea horses, etc
Class Amphibia
Class including frogs, toads, salamanders, etc
Class Reptilia
Class including tortoises, cobras, crocodiles
Class Aves
Class including birds, ostriches, penguins
Class Mammalia
Class including cats, humans, dolphins, etc
4 classifications of protozoa
sarcodines, ciliates, flagellates, sporozoa
3 classifications of slime and water moulds
water moulds, plasmodial slime moulds, cellular slime moulds
3 classifications of algae
dinoflagellates, diatoms, euglenoids
5 classifications of fungi
chytrids, zygomycota, ascomycota (sac), basidiomycota (club), imperfect fungi
4 classifications of plants
gymnosperms, angiosperms, bryophytes, ferns