Unit 1 - Biodiversity part 2

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Methanogens

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Description and Tags

Biology

11th

75 Terms

1

Methanogens

Archaea producing methane as waste

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2

Halophiles

Salt-loving archaea

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3

Thermoacidophiles

Heat and acid loving archaea

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4

Cocci

Round-shaped bacteria

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5

Baccili

Rod-shaped bacteria

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6

Spirilli

Spiral-shaped bacteria

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7

Diplo

Bacteria cells arranged in pairs

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8

Straphylo

Bacteria cells arranged in clusters

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9

Strepto

Bacteria arranged in a chain

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10

Gram-positive

Thick protein layer on the cell wall

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11

Gram-negative

Thin protein layer on the cell wall

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12

Photosynthetic

Bacteria use light for their energy source

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13

Chemosynthetic

Bacteria use inorganic molecules for their energy source

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14

Binary fission

Asexual type of bacteria cell reproduction

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15

Conjugation

“Sexual-like” reproduction of bacteria where one cell gives its DNA to another cell to then undergo binary fission

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16

Endospore

Outer covering over bacteria’s DNA which withstands harsh conditions, able to lose its coat to grow and divide later

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17

Pili

Bridge-like structures connecting bacteria for conjugation

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18

Protists

Unicellular, but eukaryotic

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19

Protozoa

animal-like protists

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20

Algae

plant-like protists

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21

Slime/water moulds

fungus-like protists

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22

Sarcodines

Also called amoebas, move and engulf prey with cytoplasm

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23

Pseudopodia

“fake feet” created by amoeba cytoplasm

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24

Ciliates

Covered by cilia, sweep food particles into oral groove

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25

Flagellates

Have flagella that whip from side to side to move the organism

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26

Sporozans

Small contractions allow for gliding motion, all are parasites

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27

Malaria

Caused by protist Plasmodium vivax, infected via mosquito bites, reproduces in the blood stream and liver

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28

Plasmodial slime moulds

Look like tiny slugs that creep over damp areas, feed like amoebas, engulfing their prey

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29

Cellular slime moulds

Form a pseudoplasmodium, release spores for unfavourable conditions

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30

Water moulds

Live on dead organic matter

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31

Diatoms

Protists with rigid cell walls with an outer layer of silica (tougher than glass)

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32

Dinoflagellates

Photosynthetic protists with 2 flagellae, produce toxins to kill fish or humans

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Euglenoids

Small with 2 flagellae; one usually much longer than the other

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34

Chlorophyll

Found in both green algae and kingdom plantae, helps with photosynthesis

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35

Cellulose

Found in cell walls of both green algae and kingdom plantae

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36

Vascular tissue

Xylem and phloem carry nutrients throughout the plant

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37

Gametes

A male or female cell that comes together to make the zygote/embryo

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38

Bryophytes

No vascular system (ex. mosses)

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39

Ferns

Vascular plants with gametes and fronds

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40

Gymnosperms

Conifers, ‘naked’ seeds, vascular system

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Angiosperms

All flowering plants, vascular system, produces seeds, has leaves

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42

Chitin

Found in the cell walls of fungi

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43

Mycelium

Underground mushroom “root system”

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44

Hyphae

The various sections that make up mycelium

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45

Fruiting body

The part of a fungus that is seen above ground

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46

Fungal spores

Thick outer covering dispersed by wind used for both sexual and asexual fungal reproduction

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47

Budding

New organism grows from the body of the fungus and detaches

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48

Chytridiomycota

Water mould fungus which can be parasitic, causing skin disease

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49

Zygomycota

Mostly mulitcellular fungus, make up common moulds such as bread mould

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50

Sac Fungi

Used for food, fermentation etc, for example yeast and truffles

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51

Club Fungi

Mushrooms and puffballs, can be poisonous

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52

Imperfect fungi

Parasitic fungi that can look like a sac, others a club, ex: athlete’s foot or yeast infection

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53

Ascomycota

Other word for sac fungi

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54

Basidiomycota

Other word for club fungi

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55

Vertebrates

Animals with a backbone

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56

Invertebrates

Animals without a backbone

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57

Ectoderm

Outer layer of cells, producing skin, nerve tissue, etc

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58

Mesoderm

Middle layer of cells, producing lungs, liver, pancreas, etc

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59

Endoderm

Inner layer of cells, producing muscles, blood, kidneys, etc

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60

Radial symmetry

Animals that attach to one spot and have their bodies organized equally aroud a vertical axis

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61

Bilateral symmetry

Animals that can be cut into 2 equal mirror-image halves on one vertical plane

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62

Coelom

Internal fluid-filled body cavity; provides rigidity and support

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63

Coelomate

Animals with a body cavity

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64

Acoelomate

Animals without a body cavity

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65

Sessile

Animals stationary as adults

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66

Class pisces

Class including fish, sea horses, etc

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Class Amphibia

Class including frogs, toads, salamanders, etc

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Class Reptilia

Class including tortoises, cobras, crocodiles

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Class Aves

Class including birds, ostriches, penguins

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70

Class Mammalia

Class including cats, humans, dolphins, etc

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71

4 classifications of protozoa

sarcodines, ciliates, flagellates, sporozoa

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72

3 classifications of slime and water moulds

water moulds, plasmodial slime moulds, cellular slime moulds

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73

3 classifications of algae

dinoflagellates, diatoms, euglenoids

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74

5 classifications of fungi

chytrids, zygomycota, ascomycota (sac), basidiomycota (club), imperfect fungi

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75

4 classifications of plants

gymnosperms, angiosperms, bryophytes, ferns

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