CCNA moudule 8-10 flashcard set

What information do routers use to forward data packets?

Routers use the destination IP address to forward data packets.

When is a packet sent directly to a destination host within the same LAN?

When the destination host is on the same local network, the packet is sent directly without going through a default gateway.

What will a router do after determining a packet needs forwarding out a specific interface?

The router will route the packet out the designated interface.

Which IP address is used to ping the loopback interface?

127.0.0.1 is used to ping the loopback interface.

A computer can access local devices but not remote devices; what is a probable cause?

The computer has an invalid default gateway address.

What feature does the IP protocol lack?

IP is connectionless and does not provide error control for missing or out-of-order packets.

Why is NAT unnecessary in IPv6?

Because IPv6 offers a vast number of public addresses, there is no need for NAT to hide internal addresses.

What does a router use to choose the best path with multiple routes?

The router uses the lower metric value associated with the destination network.

What are two services provided by the OSI network layer?

Routing packets toward the destination and encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer.

What does configuring a switch with a default gateway address allow?

It allows the switch to forward packets originating from it to remote networks.

What is a basic characteristic of the IP protocol?

IP is a connectionless protocol.

Which field in an IPv4 header prevents endless packet traversal?

The Time-to-Live (TTL) field limits a packet's lifetime.

What is one advantage of the IPv6 simplified header over IPv4?

The IPv6 simplified header allows for efficient packet handling and has no requirement for processing checksums.

What field in the IPv4 header identifies the upper layer protocol?

The Protocol field identifies the upper layer protocol carried in the packet.

What happens to ARP requests on the local link?

They are received and processed by every device on the local network.

What does the ARP protocol discover?

ARP is used to discover the MAC address of a host on the local network.

What is a common situation that causes a switch to flood a frame?

The destination address is unknown to the switch.

How does ARP work in the context of network communication?

ARP resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses when a device wants to communicate over a LAN.

What does issuing the arp -d * command do on a PC?

It clears the ARP cache.

What will a switch do if a MAC address is unknown when receiving a frame?

It will flood the frame out of all ports except the one it was received on.

What two types of messages replace ARP in IPv6?

Neighbor solicitation and neighbor advertisement messages.

What is the goal of an ARP spoofing attack?

To associate IP addresses with the wrong MAC address, intercepting network traffic.

What does the loopback test verify?

It verifies that the TCP/IP stack on the device is functioning correctly.

What type of router routes packets using a next hop address?

Remote routes in the routing table have next hop addresses.

How do hosts ensure packets are directed to the correct network?

They rely on their own local routing table.

Which IPv6 header field maintains the same path for real-time applications?

Flow Label maintains the same path for packets in the same conversation.

What property of ARP facilitates processing requests by all Ethernet NICs?

The destination MAC address of FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF in the Ethernet frame header.

What address is associated with a destination IPv4 packet?

The destination IPv4 address field in the packet header.

What property of ARP allows zero entries in the ARP table when no replies are received?

Entries in an ARP table are time-stamped and purged after timeout.

What property of ARP allows for reliable IP-to-MAC address mapping?

A static IP-to-MAC address entry can be entered manually.

What command enables SSH access in a switch's vty lines?

transport input ssh.

What command is used to set a password for console access?

line console 0, password , login.

What does the command ip default-gateway configure for a switch?

It sets the router's IP address for the switch's packets destined for other networks.

What is the purpose of the copy running-config startup-config command?

It saves the current configuration to NVRAM as the startup configuration.

What is one result of an incorrectly configured default gateway on a host?

The host cannot communicate with hosts in other networks.