CHEM QUIZ CH18

Glyco-

Carbohydrate in the structure

Lipids are ___ in a polar solvent

Insoluble

Lipids are ___ in a non-polar solvent

Soluble

Lipids important functions

• Excellent energy sources

• Storage form of energy

• Protective coatings

• Many biologically active molecules

• Membrane component

2 saponifiable lipid-esters

Simple and complex

Example of simple saponifiable lipids

Fatty acids + alcohol

Example of complex saponifiable lipids

Fatty acids + alcohol + “other”

2 non-saponifiable lipids

Steroids and prostaglandins

Example of steroids non-saponifiable lipids

Cholesterol

Fatty acid

Long chain of carboxylic acid

Fatty acid in neutral pH means…

Found as carboxylate ions

When do fatty acids form micelles

In water

Unsaturated fatty acids contain what kind of bonds

Cis double bonds

Saturated fatty acids can do what

Pack together well

Unsaturated fatty acids are

Liquids at RT

Saturated fatty acids are

Solids at RT

Essentail Fatty Acids (EFA) must…

Be in the diet

Triglycerides

Glycerol + 3 FA chains

Oils

From plants and fish, contain unsaturated chains, liquids @ RT

Fats

From animals, contain saturated chains, solids @ RT

Hydrolysis

Releases glycerol and free FA

Hydrolysis is the 1st step in…

getting energy out of fats and oils

Saponification

TG is heated with a strong base to make a carboxylate salt (soap)

If NaOH is used…

A hard soap is made

If KOH is used…

A soft soap is made

Hydrogenation produces…

solids from vegetable oil

Waxes

Single saponifiable lipids containing a long chain alcohol and a long chain carboxylic acid

Ex of waxes

Beeswax

Phosphoglyceride contains…

Glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate and alcohol

Lecithins

Alcohol is choline

Lecithins are important in…

cell membranes

Lecithins also form micelles that can…

transport lipids around the body

Cephalins

Alcohol is ethanolamine or serine

Cephalin is found where

In brain tissue and blood platelets

Sphingolipids backbone is

Sphingosine

Sphingomyelin contains

Sphingosine + Fatty acid + Phosphate and choline

Glycolipids contains…

Sphingosine + fatty acid + monosaccharide (usually glucose or galactose)

Prokaryotes

bacteria; single cell; simple; no organelles

Organelle

Membrane bound stucture in a cell that has a specific role

Eukaryotes

Plants and animals; complex; have organelles

Membranes have how much lipids and proteins

60% lipids and 40% protein

Lipids organize into what

A lipid bilayer

The bilayer prevents…

ions, polar molecules, and big molecules from entering or leaving the cell

Proteins are found where

In the bilayer

Steroids contain what kind of system?

4 ring system

Bile salts

Break dietary lipids ingo smaller drops so lipase can digest them

Adrenocorticoid hormones

Made in adrenal glands

Mineralcorticoids

regulate concentration of ions, especially Na+

example of mineral corticoids

Aldosterone

Glucocorticoids

Carbohydrate metabolism

Prostaglandins is a sex hormone that…

Regulate menstruation, cause uterine contrations, blood clotting, inflammation and fever