please i want pass

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How old is the Earth?

4.6 billion years old

What is the polar circumference of the earth

40,008 km (24,860 mi)

What is the equatorial circumference of the earth

40,075 km

what is the mass of earth

6 x 10^24 kg

what is the distance or each from the earth to the sun

150 x 10^6 km

what is the punch or rotation of earth

1 rotation/24hrs

what is the sprint time of orbit around the sun for the earth

365.25 days

How much of the earth is covered by water?

71%

what three substances exist only on earth

solid, liquid, and gas

what is a system?

interlinked set of components and relationships connected by flows of energy and matter

what is a process

actions or mechanisms that operate on or inbetween componets of a system (exchange of E and M)

What happens as a result of a process?

precipitation and general weather

which of the following are examples of matter or energy exchanges between atmosphere and ocean?

1. waves 2. winds 3. ocean currents 4. sea ice 5. earthquakes

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1. waves

where does the energy come from

the sun

what is a feedback

Response of a process changing system inputs and outputs that that influcences its own function (self-regulation)

what is the difference between a postive feedback and negative feedback

postitve is exemlfing the change negative is counteracting it.

how are the ocean and atmosphere similar

both are fluids and cover the earth

what number planet is earth from the sun

3rd

how does the moon help humans

acts as gravity

what is the goldilocks zone

an area that is not too hot and not too cold

what qualities does earth have for been in the goldilocks zone

doesn't retain gas, magnetic field, has correct chemical ingredients

what type of orbit is the earth

elliptical

when is the earth the closest to the sun

Perihelion (January)

when does the orbit change shape

100000 years (eccentricity)

which way does the earth rotate on its axis

1. east to west 2. west to east 3. north to south 4. south to north

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1. east to west

how much energy does rhe sun emit

6.3 x 10^-7 W m^-2

why do some areas of earth experience more sun

the earth is round and the sun is directly above land at different places

what changes seasons on earth

the tilt of the earth Ex axis is tilted

On the fall equinox (22 Sep), what is the angle (from perpendicular) of the sun at UCSB (latitude 34°N)?

a) 0° (directly overhead) b) 23.5° c) 34° d) 66.5°

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c) 34

when does the sun reach the highest and lowest point in the northern hemisphere

Summer soltice and winter soltice

What is the steepest angle (from perpendicular) the Sun reaches at UCSB?

a) 0° (directly overhead) b) 10.5° c) 34° d) 66.

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10.5

ØQ: In Santa Barbara (~34°N), what is the approximate day length on summer soltice

a) 8hr, b) 12hr, c) 14hr, d) 20h

when does a full moon happen

when moon and sun are on opposite sides of earth

what do the sun and moon do to the oceans

put a gravitational pull on it

what is the solar constant of sun

1370 W m^-2

what is energy and where does it come from

comes from the 99% sun and there is potential, kinentic, thermal, and chemical

what is the law of conservation of energy

energy is conserved and conserved from one form to another

what is a the electromagnetic spectrum

the suns radiation travels through electromagnetic waves

how does earths atmoshpere protect us from harmful radiation

ozone in the stratosphere

what is a short wave

incoming radiation from the sun

what type of energy is temperature

a) Potential energy of molecules b) Kinetic energy of molecules c) Nuclear fusion (when molecules combine) d) Nuclear fission (when molecules are split

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b

what temperature of objects emit short wave radiation

hot objects

what temperature of objects emit long wave radiation

cold objects

what type of radiation does your body emit

a) 10-2 m (microwave) b) 10-5 m (infrared) c) 105 m (FM radio) d) 102 m (AM radio)

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b

what type of radiation foes the earth emit

long wavelengths 10^-5 m infrared

Q: Why are Earth's radiation emissions so much less than the Sun?

a) earth is smaller than the sun b) Earth is very far from the sun c) Earth does not emit much shortwave energy d) Earth does not generate its own heat

c

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what does the inolation of the earth get reduced to when it doesn't fully face the sun

341 W m^-2

what happens to the rest of the suns energy when it gets entered into the earths atmosphere

reflected back into space (albedo)

how much of the suns energy gets to the surface directly of earth

32%

what are the percentages of the suns energy for earth

25% reflected back to space 25% absorbed in atmoshere and 50% reaches earths surface

what does rhe greenhouse effect do

spreads the radiation evenly among the planet making it warmer

Locations X & Y receive the same amount of solar radiation at TOA. So, why does X get more energy at the surface than Y?

a) y is dustier b) X has less cloud cover than Y 

c) Y is closer to a cold ocean current d) Y is near a hole in the ozone layer

what is albedo

reflectivity of surface

what is conduction

transfer of energy from one place to another by contact

what are the two mechanisms of convection

sensible heat tranfer and latent heat tranfer

what is senible heat

cold air sinks warm air rises

what is latent heat exchange

energy exchanged in change in water ie evaporation

what is advection

horizontal movement of air

what is the atmoshere

50km layer of mixed gases, liquid droplets, and solid dust

what is the atmoshere made of

99.9% made up of nitrogen, oxygen, argon

what are greenhouse gases and what is their effect

greenhouse effect trap infered gases and keep earths surface hot not letting the air escape

what is humidy and how do we measuse it

amount of water in the air and we measure it by hygrometer and psychrometer

what are the trace gases

water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.

what is the dew point

air is 100% saturated

why do the tropics generally have the most water vapor?

they get direct sunlight leading to evaporation of water

why are the areas with the greatest water vapor over land, not oceans?

land heating up and moving air inland

Why is air T generally > dew point T?

a) Air is always warmer than water b) Water is always colder than air c) Air releases latent heat during condensation (at/near dew point), which can be used to warm

d) Air releases latent heat during evaporation (above dew point), which can be used to warm air

d

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Ø Q: Why does CO2 show a seasonal 'sawtooth' pattern over time?

a) Seasonal cycles from photosynthesis (lows in summer, ↑CO2 uptake) b) Lunar cycle creates CO2 'tides' c) Changing tilt of Earth's axis

d) Changing distance of Earth from Sun

a

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what color is incoming solar radiation

red

what color is outgoing solar radiation

blue

what are the artifical GHGs

CFCs and HFCs

what does the ozone layer do

protects life from harmful uv rays

what are the temperature gradients

Troposphere, stratosphere, Mesosphere, thermosphere

what is the troposphere

lowest part of the atmosphere and where most weather processes occur.

ØQ: Why does temperature decrease with height in the troposphere?

a) Ozone layer depletion results in colder air above the

height in the troposphere?

a) Ozone layer depletion results in colder air above the surface 

b) The troposphere is mostly heated from above by Ozone's interaction with incoming UV radiation

c) The troposphere is mostly heated from below as

Earth's surface radiates large amounts of IR heat energy 

d) Convection processes (latent+sensible heat) transfer heat from Earth's surface to the atmosphere

e

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what is the stratosphere

50km and gets hotter from uv rays from ozone layer

what is the mesosphere

Ionization from solar energy blocks harmful ionizing energy from reaching earths surface

what is the thermosphere

at the edge of space 37000mi

what is atmosherphic (air) pressure

the weight of the atmosphere on the earths surface

Ø Q: Why does atmospheric pressure

increase toward the surface?

a) There is more mass of air closer to the surface (i.e., it is denser)

increase toward the surface?

a) There is more mass of air closer to the surface 

b) The surface is generally colder than the

atmosphere 

c) d) Winds are stronger at the surface

a

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what are diural heating cycles

warming, less dense air rises, decresing pressure and creating unstable conditions along with cooling more dense air sinks increasing pressure stable conditions

ØQ: What is the general

pattern of sea-level

pressure at Earth's 

surface, and why?

a) Higher pressure at

equator, lower at poles

b) Lower pressure at equator,

b

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what are isobars

lines of equal pressure

what are offshore presure gradients

air cools rapidly and sinks as density increases

what are onshore sea breaze

heats air from below, air expands density decreaes.