The Gastrointestinal System- Gastroenterology

mouth

Root: or/o, stomata/o
Example: oral, stomatitis
Notes: mo

Gums

Root: ginger/o
Example: gingivitis , gingivostomatitis

Tooth

Root: dent/o , odont/o
Example: dentist , odontalgia

tongue

Roots: gloss/o , lingo/o
Example: glossopathy , hypoglossal , sublingual

stomach

Root: gastr/o
Example: gastritis , gastropexy

Esophagus

Root: esophag/o
Example: esophageal , esophagitis

Intestines

Root: enter/o
Example: gastroenterology , dysentery

Duodenum

Root: duoden/o
Example: gastroduodenoscope , duodenectomy
The small intestine is divided into three sections: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum is the first part of the three sections.

Jejunum

Root: jejun/o
Example: jejunotomy / jejunitis
The jejunum is the second of the small intestine's three sections.

Ilenum

Root: ileostomy , ileitis
Example: ileostomy , ileitis
The ileum is the third of the small intestine's three sections

colon (large intestine)

Root: col/o , colon/o
Example: colorectal carcinoma, colitis, colonoscopy, colonopathy

Sigmoid colon

Root: sigmoid/o
Example: sigmoidoscope

Rectum

Root: rect/o
Example: rectoplasty , rectitis

Anus

Root: an/o
Example: anaplasty , anal fistula

Anal and rectum

Root: proctor/o
Example: proctology , proctitis

Saliva

Root: sial/o
Example: sialoadenitis

Bile (gall)

Roots: bil/i , chol/e
Example: billigenesis , cholelith

Abdomen

Roots: abdomin/o , celi/o , lapar/o
Example: abdominocentesis , celiopathy , laparoscope

Bladder

Root: cyst/o
Example: cholecystogram , cholecystectomy

Duct

Root: doch/o
Example: choledocholithiasis

Liver

Roots: hepat/o , hepatic/o
Example: hepatitis , hepaticotomy

Pancreas

Root: pancreat/o
Examples: pancreatitis , pancreatolith

Peritoneum

Root: peritone/o
Example: peritoneotomy

Aerodontalgia

aer / odont / algia = air / tooth / pain
Definition: tooth pain caused by exposure to air

Aphagia

a / phagia = no / eat
Definition: inability to eat

Dentalgia

dent / algia = tooth / pain
Definition: tooth pain

Dyspepsia

dys / peps / ia = bad / digestion / condition
Definition: bad digestion

Esophagalgia

esophagus / algia = esophagus / pain
Definition: pain in the esophagus

Eupepsia

eu / peps / ia = good / digestion / condition
Definition: good digestion

Gastralgia

gastr / algia = stomach / pain
Definition: stomach pain

Gastrodynia

gastro / dynia = stomach / pain
Definition: stomach pain

Gingivalgia

gingiv / algia = gum / pain
Definition: gum pain

Gingivostomatitis

gingivo / stomat / itis = gum / mouth / inflammation
Definition: inflammation of the mouth and gums

Hematemesis

hemat / emesis = blood / vomiting
Definition: vomiting blood

Hyperemesis

hyper / emesis = over/ vomiting
Definition: excessive vomiting

Odontalgia

odont / algia = tooth / pain
Definition: tooth pain

Odontodynia

odonto / dynia = tooth / pain
Definition: tooth pain

Stomatitis

stomat / itis = mouth / inflammation
Definition: inflammation of the mouth

Stomatodynia

stomato / dynia = mouth / pain
Definition: mouth pain

Constipation

Definition: difficulty passing feces

Diarrhea

dia / rrhea = through / discharge
Definition: the passing of fluid or unforced feces

Dysentery

dys / enter / y = bad / intestine / condition
Definition: another name for diarrhea

Enterodynia

entero / dynia = intestine / pain
Definition: pain in the intestine

hemorrhoid

Definition: inflammation of the veins surrounding the anus

Rectalgia

rect / algia = rectum / pain
Example: rectal pain

Cholecystalgia

chole / cyst / algia = bile / bladder / pain
Definition: pain in the gallbladder

Jaundice

Definition: yellowing o skin, tissue, and fluids caused by increase levels of bilirubin in the blood.

Icterus

Definition: another name for jaundice

Sialorrhea

sialo / rrhea = saliva / excessive discharge
Definition: excessive salivation

Gastromalacia

gastro / malacia = stomach / softening
Definition: softening of the stomach

Gastroparesis

gastro / paresis = stomach / partial paralysis
Definition: partial paralysis of the stomach

Gingivitis

gingiv / itis = gum / inflammation
Definition: inflammation of the gums

Gingivoglossitis

gingivo / gloss / itis = gum / tongue / inflammation
Definition: inflammation of the gums and tongue

Glossoplegia

glosso / plegia = tongue / paralysis
Definition: paralysis of the tongue

Odontocclasis

odonto / clasis = tooth / break
Definition: breaking of a tooth

Stomatogastric

stomato / gastr / ic = mouth / stomach / pertaining to
Definition: pertaining to the mouth and stomach

Stomatosis

stomat / osis = mouth / condition
Definition: mouth condition

Anophony

ano / phony = anus / sound
Definition: sound from the anus

Flatus

Definition: medical term for passing gas

Hernia

Definition: rupture or protrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it

Steatorrhea

steato / rrhea = fat / discharge
Definition: excessive fat discharged in the feces

Ascites

Definition: retention of fluid in the peritoneum

Biligenesis

bili / genesis = bile / creation
Definition: formation of bile

Cholelith

chole / lith = liver / stone
Definition: gallstone; literally "a stone in the bile"

Hepatomalacia

hepato / malacia = liver / softening
Definition: softening of the liver

Hepatomegaly

hepato / megaly = liver / enlargement
Definition: enlargement of the liver

Hepatoptosis

hepato / ptosis = liver / drooping condition
Definition: downward displacement of the liver

Pancreatolith

pancreato / lith = pancreas / stone
Definition: pancreas / stone

Sialoangiectasis

sialo / angi / ectasis = saliva / vessel / expansion
Definition: overexpansion of the salivary vessels

Sialolith

sialo / lith = saliva / stone
Definition: stone in the saliva

Sialostenosis

sialo / sten / osis = saliva / narrowing / condition
Definition: narrowing of salivary glands

Cholangiogram

chol / angio / gram = bile / vessel / record
Definition: record of the bile vessels (ducts)

Epigastric

epi / gastr / ic = upon / stomach / pertaining to
Definition: upper center portion of the abdomen

Hypochondriac

hypo / chondr / iac = beneath / cartilage / pertaining to
Definition: upper side portions of the abdomen

Hypogastric

hypo / gastr / ic = beneath / stomach / pertaining to
Definition: lower center portion of the abdomen

Inguinal

inguin / al = groin / pertaining to
Definition: lower side portions of the abdomen

Lumbar

lumb / ar = loin / pertaining to
Definition: middle side portions of the abdomen

Umbilical

umbilic / al = belly button / pertaining to
Definition: middle center portion of the abdomen

Antacid

ant / acid = against / acid
Definition: agent that neutralizes acid

Antiemetic

anti / emet / ic = against / vomiting / pertaining to
Definition: agent that prevents or relieves nausea or vomiting

Cathartic

cathart / ic = cleansing / pertaining to
Definition: an agent that produces bowel movements

Sialagogic

sial / agog / ic = saliva / leading / pertaining to
Definition: agent that causes salivation

BE

barium enema

BM

bowel movement

CCE

cholecystectomy

EGD

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

ERCP

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

EUS

endoscopic ultrasound

FOBT

fecal occult blood test

GERD

gastroesophageal reflux disease

GI

gastrointestinal

HAV , HBV , HCV

Hepatitis A virus , Hepatitis B virus , Hepatitis C virus

IBD

inflammatory bowel disease

IBS

irritable bowel syndrome

LFT

liver function test

NGT

nasogastric tube

NPO

nothing by mouth (nihilism per os)

N&V

nausea and vomiting

PEG

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

PEJ

percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy