Study Guide for Nuclear Chemistry

These flashcards are designed to help review key concepts and definitions related to nuclear chemistry and radioactive processes.

Subatomic Particles

Particles that are smaller than an atom, namely protons (P+), electrons (e-), and neutrons (no).

Isotope

Different versions of the same element, having the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Nucleus

The central part of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which also equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom.

Atomic Mass

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Radioactive Isotope

An isotope that is unstable and decays over time, releasing radiation.

Ratio of Protons to Neutrons

The relationship between the number of protons and neutrons in an atom, important for its stability.

Decay

The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation.

Alpha Decay

A type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle and transforms into a lighter nucleus.

Beta Decay

A type of radioactive decay where a beta particle is emitted and a neutron is transformed into a proton.

Gamma Decay

The release of gamma radiation from a radioactive nucleus, typically following alpha or beta decay.

Half Life

The time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay.

Nuclear Chemistry

The study of the chemical and physical properties of elements and compounds as they relate to changes in the nucleus.

Fusion Reaction

A nuclear reaction where two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.

Fission Reaction

A nuclear reaction in which a heavy nucleus splits into two or more lighter nuclei, accompanied by the release of energy.

Control Rods

Devices made of neutron-absorbing material used in a nuclear reactor to control the rate of fission.

Uranium Enrichment

The process of increasing the percentage of uranium-235 in uranium to make it usable as fuel in a reactor.

Nuclear Chain Reaction

A series of reactions where the products of one reaction initiate further reactions, used in nuclear reactors.

Containment Building

A structure that encases a nuclear reactor to prevent the escape of radioactive materials.

Chernobyl Accident Year

The nuclear accident at the Chernobyl power plant occurred in 1986.

Fission Fuel Use

Before being used in a reactor, uranium is pressed into fuel pellets that are assembled into fuel rods.