Studied by 13 people
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Decolonization
Process in which many African and Asian states won their independence from Western colonial rule (1), in most cases by negotiated settlement (1) with gradual political reforms (1) and a program of investment rather than through military confrontation.
Mohandas Ghandi
The political leader of the Indian drive for independence from Great Britain (1); rejected the goal of modern industrialization (1) and advocated nonviolence (1).
Indian National Congress
Organization established in 1885 (1) by Western-educated elite Indians (1) in an effort to win a voice in the governance of India; the INC became a major popular movement that won India’s independence from Britain (1).
Muslim League
Created in 1906, was a response to the Indian National Congress (1) in India’s struggle for independence from Britain; the League’s leader, Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1), argued that regions of India with a Muslim majority should form a separate state called Pakistan (1).
African National Congress
South African political party established in 1912 (1) by elite Africans who sought to win full acceptance in colonial society (1); it gradually became a popular movement that came to control the government in 1994 (1).
Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal
Founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey (1881–1938) (1); as military commander and leader of the Turkish national movement (1), he made Turkey into a secular state (1).
fundamentalism
Occurring within all the major world religions (1), fundamentalism is a self-proclaimed return to the “fundamentals” (1) of a religion and is marked by a militant piety (1).
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