Module 5

Oral/Enteral

This method of administration is the most practical, cost-effective, economical, convenient, and safe way.

Small intestines

Where are oral medications generally absorbed?

Chewing or swallowing

What is the simplest way to get oral drugs into the body?

Dysphagia

Patients with __ are not given oral medications due to lack of control on swallowing reflex, which may lead to aspiration.

Pediatric clients

__ clients have underdeveloped reflexes, which may lead to aspiration, and why their drug of choice is in liquid or syrup form.

8

Patients with a GCS score of less than __ have an absent gag reflex and therefore a high risk for aspiration.

True

True or False: If the patient is in NPO and the doctor also ordered a medication per Orem, the nurse should not immediately dismiss the order and clarify it instead.

temporarily absent

Patients who will receive anesthesia are usually subjected to NPO status because their gag reflexes are ___.

Regive the medication

What should the nurse do if the patient vomits within 30 minutes after taking a medication?

Intradermal injection

What type of injection is made into the layer of the skin just below the epidermis and must produce a wheal?

0.01-0.1 mL

In order to produce a wheal, around how much solution should be administered?

Ventral mid-forearm

What is the most common site for intradermal injections?

25-27

What is the preferred gauge for the needle used in intradermal injections?

Subcutaneous injection

What type of injection is made into the loose connective tissue between the dermis and muscle layer and is generally slower in terms of absorption?

2

No more than __mL can ordinarily be deposited at a subcutaneous site.

Heparin and insulin

What are the two drugs commonly injected into the subcutaneous tissue?

Greater blood supply

Why is absorption more rapid when administering intramuscular injections compared to subcutaneous injections?

Deltoid, ventrogluteal, dorsogluteal, and vastus lateralis

What are the four possible sites for intramuscular injection?

Intravascular method

This method of injection can either be intravenous or intra-arterial and places the directly into the bloodstream.

False

True or False: Like any other injection method, only small volumes of medications can be administered into the vein to avoid irritation.

3

How many times should one check for the correctness of the medication?

20-30mL

When administering medications to patients with NGTs, how much water/normal saline is used to dissolve the powder from crushed tablets?

Inform the physician immediately

25 minutes after administering a dose of Omeprazole, the patient vomited. What should the nurse do?

Patency and placement of the NGT

Before administering medications to patients with NGTs, what should the nurse check?

X-ray, auscultate, aspirate

What are the different techniques used to check the proper placement of the NGT?

Z-track method

It refers to a type of IM injection technique used to prevent leakage of the medication into the subcutaneous tissue.