AP World - Imperialism

South Asia and Africa

Territories colonized by many Western European countries

Economic causes for imperialism

Need for new markets, access to raw materials

Political causes for imperialism

New land for a growing population, competition between rival states

Cultural causes for imperialism

Racial superiority ideas, seeking to spread Christianity, Social Darwinism

Results of imperialism

Western technology, medicine, and education were brought into spaces that did not previously have it, many native cultures were harmed, new areas of the world were brought into the economy.

Britain by the late 1800s

The largest colonial empire, with many territories in Africa, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, along with some in New Zealand, Australia, Fiji, Canada, and Jamaica

France by the late 1800s

The second largest colonial empire, colonizing much of Vietnam, and west Africa, along with Morocco, The Ivory Coast, Algeria, and Madagascar.

Germany by the late 1800s

Colonized: Togo, Cameroon, Namibia, Tanzania, and part of New Guinea.

Netherlands colonies

Suriname, Indonesia

Portugal colonies

Angola, Mozambique, Guinea Bissau, small territories in Asia.

Italian colonies

Somalia, Libya, Eritrea

Belgian colonies

Congo region of Africa (Belgian Congo)

Spanish colonies

Parts of Morocco and Equitorial Guinea

Settler colonies/”white dominions”

Colonies where European immigrants became a significant part of the population: Canada, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand

Opium Wars

The conflict between Britain and China, over Britain wanting to continue shipping Opium into China, which turned it into a literal nation of drug addicts.

Sepoys

Native Indian Soldiers

The British East India Company

Established trading posts in India in the 1600s, began a profitible trade in Indian Luxury Goods

The Seven Years War

1756 war between Britain and France, where Britain captured all French territories in India, becoming the major power there by 1800.

Sepoy Rebellion

Sparked by the outrage over animal fat being used in cartriges, which went against Hinduism and Islam. Sepoys rebelled, the English lost control, and Britain stepped in to fully take over.

British Raj

A period spanning from 1857-1947, where the British directly ruled the Indian subcontinent

The Crown Jewel

A nickname for India, indicating the economic and strategic importance of it to Britain

Indian Crops

Opium, Tea, Coffe, Peppers, and Indigo

Other Indian Goods

Gemstones, Spices, Calico Cloth, and textiles.

Indian National Congress

Formed by educated upper-class Indians who wanted to protest for civil rights and independence (Gandhi)