Middle Ages, Islam/Crusades, and Renaissance Notes for Final Exams

Exam Tuesday at 7:30am

What does “Middle Ages” mean? By what other names is this era known?

It is the time period between Rome and the Renaissance also called the Dark Ages and Medieval era.
approx 500-1350
AD/CE

What were Barbarians? Give examples of 5 tribes and where they settled

They were “Uncivilized’’ tribes who lived outside the Roman Empire.
Vikings- Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland
Franks- France
Germans- Germany
Anglo- Saxons- (England)
Huns- Hungary

Why was a proper education more necessary as the Dark Ages ended? Describe the training of a craftsman.

They wanted to go back to “The Roman Times’’ so they needed better civilization, money, and education.

Apprenticeship, Journeyship, and Master’s.

What were the 1st 4 European universities?

University of Oxford, University of Paris, University of Bologna, and University of Salerno.

What were the 4 most common majors at the 1st universities?

Theology, Medicine, Law, and Liberal Arts.

What were the 3 college degrees? (What one has been recently added?)

Doctorate degree, Bachelor’s degree, and Master’s degree.

(Associates degree has been recently added.)

Who was Mohammad? Why did he begin a new religion?

He was an Orphan living in mecca who learned about God and began Islam to help unite the Arabs.

Why did Islam spread so quickly?

It spread due to Trade around North Africa and Europe.

What are Caliphs? What are the 3 caliphate cities?

Caliphs are leaders of muslim regions.
Cairo Egypt, Cordo bay Spain, Baghdad

What advancements in math and science were made by Muslims?

Al- jabr “the re-union of broken parts”
Al-chemy - the attempt to make Gold, led to Chemistry, coutagious diseases, and tuberculosis

What sport and game were developed by Muslims? Why?

Chess and Polo
Because the Muslims were admired by how the sport/game was so challenging and strategic.

Why are Muslim men allowed to have multiple wives? What stipulations must they follow?

More wives= more children= “Riches”

Must be able to afford them

What must Muslims refrain from during Ramadan? What time of day?

Drinking, eating, smoking.
Sunrise to Sunset

Name 3 similarities between Islam and Christianity

God/allah
Human Prophets
2 Largest religions

Name 3 differences between Islam and Christianity.

Christianity- Many leaders, many sects, and no specific dress code

Islam- Two kinds of leaders, strict dress code, and only 3 sects

What was the purpose of the Crusades?

They were a series of 4 “Wars’’ to take the X-ian Holy lands from the Muslims.

What issues did the Crusaders have on their journey?

Crusaders were not trained, didn’t have enough supplies, and poor leadership.

Why were the Crusades called “Successful failures”?

The crusaders failed to get Holy Lands back. But, they found cool new trade items.

What items did the Crusaders take back to Western Europe?

Spices- Black pepper, tea, dyes, paprika, rice, silk, cinnamon, and curry

How did the new trade items change the economy of Western Europe? (from what to what?) How did that start to bring them out of the Dark Ages?

New Trade brought them out of the Dark Ages, 4 created capitalism, and creating a business in hopes of making a profit.

What services did the 1st banks offer? How did they get people to trust them?

They offer Savings and Loans
Loans were the “capital” given to people to start businesses

Humanism-

The idea that people should be educated, well rounded and explore their talents.

Define perspective and name 2 examples

Art method used in painting to give it depth.
Last Supper and the Mona Lisa.

Define realism and name 2 examples

Art method which makes Sculpture look life like.
David and The Pieta

Duomo

Dome- nickname of Florence’s Basilica

Palazzo-

Palace

da Vinci

From the village of Vinci

Pieta-

Any Art that shows Mary and Jesus after crucifixion

Name 2 works which are secular. (non-religious)

Mona Lisa and the School of Athens

Who are the figures in The School of Athens?

Greek educated people

Who are the figures in The Last Supper?

Jesus and Apostles

Name 3 works of art which are non- Christian.

David, School of Athens, and the Birth of Venus.
(Mona Lisa)

Why was Leonardo called the “Renaissance Man?’’

He was very good at a variety of things

Name 3 works of Leonardo.

Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, Inventions.

Name 3 works of Michelangelo.

David, Sistine Chapel, Pieta

What is Conclave? Where is it held?

Meeting of Cardinals to choose the new pope, held in Sistine Chapel.

Who guards the Vatican City and the Pope? Why doesn’t their home country need them?

Swiss Guard, Switzerland is always neutral in war so doesn’t need it’s army.

What do these time periods stand for?
BC
BCE
AD
CE

Before Christ
Before Common Era
Anno Domain
Common Era

Founder:

Mohammed

Symbol:

Crescent Moon + Star

Text:

Koran

Place of Worship:

Mosque

Rituals:

Salat- To Pray Five times a day

Zakat- To give to those in need

Sawm- To Fast during Ramadan

Haij- To make Pilgrimage to mecca one in lifetime is able

Shahada- “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet’’

Collectively called: Five Pillars of Faith

Month of Celebration:

Ramadan

Name of Deity:

allah

Followers are called:

Muslims

Leadership:

Imams- Spiritual Leaders

Caliphs- Political Leaders

Sects:

Sunnis
Shiites
Sufis

Basic Belief:

Shahada- “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammed is his prophet.