AP World History Review: State Building, Trade, and Transformations

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from a lecture on state building, trade networks, and societal transformations from 1200-1750.

Confucianism

A philosophy emphasizing social order, harmony, and good government. Used in China to build their state.

Imperial Bureaucracy

Appointed officials who carry out the empire's policies. Expanded by the Song Dynasty to consolidate power.

Buddhism in China

A religion that entered China from India via the Silk Roads. It was itself innovated upon once it came into China

Silk Roads

A trade route that facilitated the spread of Islamic ideas and culture through merchants.

Sufi Movement

A mystical form of Islam that was able to adapt to local forms and cultures, facilitating its spread.

House of Wisdom

Muslims in Spain translated the Greek classics like Plato, Aristotle, those guys into Arabic, preserving these for by European folks to use in the Renaissance

Jizya

A tax paid by non-Muslims in Islamic states like the Delhi Sultanate.

Delhi Sultanate

An Islamic state in northern India where not many of the majority Hindus did not convert.

Vijayanagara Empire

It was actually started by two brothers who were part of the Delhi sultanate who converted to Islam for social mobility, and then were sent south to claim that territory for Delhi. When they got there, they converted back to Hinduism and established a Hindu empire.

Srivijaya Empire

A Hindu empire in Southeast Asia that prospered by taxing ships using their sea lanes.

Majapahit Kingdom

A Buddhist kingdom in Southeast Asia that prospered by controlling sea routes.

Tenochtitlan

The magnificent capital city of the Mexica people, later became the Aztec Empire, featuring massive ziggurats and marketplaces.

Tribute System

A system used by the Aztec empire to exercise political dominance over distant lands without direct involvement.

Great Zimbabwe

A prosperous African state due to trade, agriculture, and gold deposits, participating in the Indian Ocean Trade Network.

Swahili

A language that emerged from the intermixing of cultures and languages due to trade, a blend of Bantu and Arabic.

Ethiopia

A Christian kingdom in Africa known for its monumental architecture, including massive stone churches.

Feudalism

A decentralized political system in Europe where a king granted land to lords in exchange for tribute.

Manorial System

The organizing political and social order in Europe at the time, basically contained the whole village.

Three-Field System

An agricultural innovation in Europe where crops were rotated through three fields, enabling more food production and a population explosion.

Luxury Goods(Silk Roads)

luxury goods were traded for elite markets, and the most prominent of which was silk.

Innovations in transportations

growth of commerce along the Silk Roads was facilitated by innovations in transportation and commercial technologies

Caravan Serai

Series of inns and guesthouses all along the road so merchants could stop and, you know, chill for a little while and sleep and be safe.

Money Economies

Paper money now instead of, you know, giant bags of silver and gold or, you know, whatever.

Latin Sails

Technological innovations that caused the spread of the Indian Ocean Network.

Astrolabe

spreading of Islam that facilitated the growth of this network

Diasporic communities

That is, you know, a diaspora is a settlement created by people living apart from their homeland.

Spread of various crops and diseases

significant effects of the increasing connectivity in the world during this period was the spread of various crops and diseases along trade routes

Champa Rice

Vietnamese Rice, population explosion, more food, mouth holes are fed, everybody's happy.

Spread of Disease

That increasing connectivity created the occasion for the spread of one of the deadliest diseases in world history, the bubonic plague, also known by its sassier name, the Black Death

Ilkhani

That transfer of people encouraged the transfer of technology of Mongol Empire.

gunpowder

Chief means by which these land based empires were able to expand, consolidate power.

Babur

established the Mughal Empire by displacing the Delhi sultanate

Janissaries

Enslaved Christians who were converted to Islam and trained into an elite fighting force in gunpowder weapons.

Shah Abbas

One of the later rulers, built up the Safavid military, which included the adoption of gunpowder weapons.

Emperor Kangxi

Qing ruler, and he used art to consolidate power.

Divine Right

representative of God on Earth

Cartavel

Portuguese ship, Caravelle, which was, you know, much smaller ship. It was very nimble very navigable, exceedingly fast. had a combination of square sails and Latine sails

Flout

Dutch ship, Dutch Flout.Except this one had a metric buttload of cargo space

Gold, god, and glory

3 reasons that states sponsored exploration

trading post empire

Portuguese empire established trading post empire all around Africa and into the Indian Ocean

trading post empire

Portuguese empire established trading post empire all around Africa and into the Indian Ocean

Columbian exchange

the transfer of animals, foods, and diseases from Europe to The Americas and vice versa

encomienda system

Coercive labor system used by the Spanish to compel indigenous people to work their plantations.

Mercantilism

looked at the world like it was a pie, at the world's wealth as if it were a pie, because it measured wealth in terms of gold and silver.

Spanish Casta System

Spanish created new social hierarchy system that the Spanish basically imposed in in The Americas that organized society based on ancestry and race.

Joint Stock Company

British East India company company, the Dutch East India company allowed continued exploration and colonization with limited risks to investors.

nationalism

People's sense of belonging to each other based on common language and religion.

Adam Smith

Argued that government should be very laissez faire about the economic policies, which means the government should has its hands off of economy with consumer make their own choices

Karl Marx

His his solution was that the world needed to go through as a period of socialism and then eventually into communism in which society will be defined by equality without classes.