Chemical Bonds

Electronegativy

the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a molecule

Bond

forces that hold one atom to another in a compound

Chemical bond

an attractive force that holds atoms & ions together in a compound

chemically stable

Atoms bond together to become ____________ _______.

Octet Rule

To be chemically stable an atom must have 8 electrons in the outermost shell (valence e's)

endothermic

Bond breaking is called ____________

Less energy

Compounds have _________ (more stable) than the substances from which they form

• Ex. Water has _________ from the hydrogen and oxygen from which it formed

potential

The energy stored in a bond is _______

Metallic Bonds

bonds between atom in a metal

• ions held together in a crystalline lattice in a sea of mobile electrons.

freely moving electrons

Metallic bonds can conduct electricity because of ______ ______ ________

high Melting P. & high Boiling P.

Metallic bonds have ___ & ____ because bonds are strong

TRUE

Metallic bonds are Malleable. TRUE OR FALSE

charged particle

Ionic comes from the word Ion which means?

Ionic Bonds

are formed when atoms gains or loses electrons

metallic cation + & non-metallic anion -

Ionic bonding is formed between _____ & _____

• oppositely charged ions stick alike

Electron configuration

It is the way electrons are ditributed in the shell of an atom.

• Metallic

• Ionic

• Covalent

3 atomic bonds

Covalent

sharing electrons because both have electronegativities

2 Non metals

Covalent bonds is formed between two _______

Monoatomic ion

A single ion, Ca 2+ or Cl 1-

Binary Compound

Made of two different elements bonded together

Bonding

All of the elements of periodic table will try to achieve a stable arrangement of electrons. They will do this by _______ with other elements in order to gain or lose.

Ionic bonding

The electron moves from the metal atom to the nonmetal atom.

Ionic compound

COMPOUND that results when a metal reacts to a non metal to form ions called cations & anions

Cations

Positive ions formed when metal atoms lose electrons

• is = name of metal atom

Anions

Negative ions formed when nonmetal atoms gain electrons

• names end in -ide

Salts

Ionic compounds are called ____ (NaCI)

Formula unit

Simplest ratio of ions is called the ______ ____

Lowest whole number

The formula unit shows the _____ ________ ratio of the ions.

ide

Nomenclature of Ionic compounds

• metal & nonmetal with ___ ending

Pauli Exclusion Principle

what principle states that No two electrons in the same atom can have identical values for all 4 of their quantum number

Aufbau Principle

States that electrons fill lower energy atomic orbitals before filling higher energy

Orbitals

Most likely Location of an electron around an atom

Polyatomic Ions

ions that contain 2 or more nonmetal elementd

oxygen

Some polyatomic ions contains ______

ate

____ = 1 more oxygen atom

ite

= 1 fewer oxygen atom

Hypo

the prefix _____ means under or too little

per

the prefix ____ means hyper - means above or too much

ide

Polyatomic ions end in?

NH4 1+ (Ammonium Ion)

what is the ONLY positive polyatomic ion (cation)

Ag & Zn

Type 2 Compounds

• who do not have Roman numeral?

Pb & Sn

who must have Roman Numerals

Copper 2, Copper 1, Iron 3, Iron 2, Tin 4, Tin 2

stock system for transition metals

Ternary Compounds

Is formed from a metal cation & a polyatomic anion

_ contains 3 or more elements

Molecular compound

(Covalent) Type 3

• Nonmetal + Nonmetal compounds are called?

Prefixes

In molecular compounds you must used _____ to tell you the quantity of each element